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This section provides an overview for glycine as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 14 glycine manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked glycine companies as of December, 2024: 1.KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD., 2.Nutricia Limited, 3.Chattem Chemicals Inc..
Table of Contents
Glycine is an amino acid with only hydrogen atoms in its side chain.
It is one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins and is the only one of them that does not have a chiral carbon atom. It is abbreviated as Gly or G.
Glycine has a variety of functions and can be produced in the human body. It is particularly essential in the central nervous system and is present in high concentrations in the spinal cord and brain stem. It is a major amino acid in collagen and accounts for about one-third of the collagen in the body.
Glycine has a chelating effect, making metals more soluble. This property can be used as a cleaning and polishing agent for precision instruments. It is an environmentally friendly chelating agent because it is easily decomposed by microorganisms. Glycine can be used in a variety of foods as a seasoning or as a means of improving shelf life.
Besides that, being the simplest amino acid, it is also used as a synthetic raw material for other amino acids. In addition to that, it can be used as a raw material for a wide variety of biological substances, such as collagen, porphyrins, glutathione, and creatine.
Glycine is a white solid. It is soluble in ethanol and pyridine, but not in ether. It is soluble in water. The acid dissociation constant of the carboxyl group is pKa = 2.34 and that of the amino group is pKa = 9.6. It has a natural sweetness and excellent bacteriostatic properties that inhibit the action of bacteria.
Glycine is 2-aminoacetic acid. It is also one of the 20 amino acids specified in the DNA of earth organisms. The side chain of the amino acid structure is a hydrogen atom (-H) and has no chiral carbon. Therefore, it is the only α-amino acid that has no stereoisomers (D-, L-) among the α-amino acids that make up living organisms.
The chemical formula is C2H5NO2 with a molar mass of 75.07 g/mol. Its specific formula is H2NCH2COOH and its density is 1.1607 g/cm3. Glycine is classified as a nonpolar side-chain amino acid. It is an amphoteric ion and dissociates on both the acidic and alkaline side. Specifically, it becomes an ammonium cation at pH = less than 2.4 and a glycinate at pH = greater than 9.6.
The glycine cleavage system cleaves glycine by tetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. On the other hand, glycine can be reversibly interconverted to L-serine by the action of glycine hydroxymethyltransferase. The reaction is then catalyzed to convert 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.
If glycine is deaminated, glycolic acid is formed, and oxidation yields glyoxylate. In humans, glyoxylate is an intermediate in the metabolism of ethylene glycol to oxalic acid. Oxidation produces oxalic acid, which is toxic. Metabolism of glycine is important to avoid oxidative reactions.
With acid chloride, glycine is converted to amide carboxylic acids such as horse uric acid and acetylglycine. With nitrite, glycine yields glycolic acid. In the reaction of glycine with methyl iodide, the amine is quaternized and the natural product trimethylglycine can be produced.
Besides, glycine can be condensed to form peptides. The first step is the formation of glycylglycine, a dipeptide of glycine. Other steps include the thermal decomposition of glycine and glycylglycine to yield 2,5-diketopiperazine, a cyclic diamide.
Glycine also forms esters with alcohols and can be isolated as glycine methyl ester hydrochloride. Furthermore, because of its amino and carboxy groups, it reacts with a variety of reagents as a bifunctional molecule.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Manus Aktteva Biopharma LLP, established in 2010 and headquartered in Ahmedabad, India, is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of pharmaceutical APIs, intermediates, and specialty chemicals. Their wide-ranging products cater to industries such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnology. They offer Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), the fundamental components used in various drug formulations, such as antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The company also supplies specialty chemicals with unique properties applicable to diverse industries, from plastics to cosmetics manufacturing. Furthermore, the company offers custom synthesis services to meet the specific needs of their customers.
KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD. is a manufacturer headquarted in Tokyo specializing in the production of ingredients for the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries, founded in 2008. The company serves industries such as pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, and functional foods. Its portfolio includes a range of bioactive ingredients, including amino acids, nucleic acids, and antioxidants. The company's products find diverse applications in areas such as drug development, nutritional supplements, and the enhancement of food products, contributing to improved health and well-being.
Nutricia Limited was established in 1896 and is headquartered in Watford, England as a healthcare company specializing in medical nutrition products. The company is a manufacturer of infant formula and other nutritional products, including milk-based formula, soy-based formula, and hypoallergenic formula. Nutricia Limited offers a wide range of medical nutrition solutions for various conditions such as infant nutrition, metabolic disorders, and malnutrition. Its products cater to healthcare professionals and patients with specific dietary needs. The company is devoted to providing essential nutritional support, technical support, installation, and raining while enhancing patient well-being and recovery.
Joshi Agrochem Pharma, established in 1971 and based in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of various chemicals, solvents, and metals. The company maintains a stock of agro fertilizers, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. It has a readily available inventory of 2,000 products, including agrochemicals, solvents, and APIs. These products are utilized in a range of industries, such as automobile, aerospace, and agriculture. The company holds ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certification and operates as part of the Joshi Group of companies, which is comprised of four companies that are segmented to ensure smooth business in varying domains.
Resource Chemical Ltd. was founded in 1986 in Brackley, Northamptonshire, England, as a manufacturer and distributor of industrial chemicals. The company's product list encompasses acetonitrile, aluminium sulphate tablets, potassium carbonate, citric acid, and ammonium bifluoride, among others. The chemicals have wide-ranging applications, from aluminium anodization and metal surface treatment to wood preservation, glass processing, and mineral oil/natural gas drilling. The significance of these chemicals also encompasses the roles of industrial cleaning, electronics, cleaning agents, drain cleaners, concrete cleaners, and oven cleaners. The company serves various industries, including agricultural, automotive, general industrial, pharmaceutical, and textile.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD. |
25.6%
|
| 2 | Nutricia Limited |
16.0%
|
| 3 | Chattem Chemicals Inc. |
11.8%
|
| 4 | Resource Chemical Ltd |
9.6%
|
| 5 | GEO Specialty Chemicals |
7.7%
|
| 6 | Kumar Industries |
4.8%
|
| 7 | JOSHI AGROCHEM PHARMA PVT LTD |
4.8%
|
| 8 | Pisces Pharma Chem |
4.5%
|
| 9 | Manus Aktteva Biopharma LLP |
4.2%
|
| 10 | IAMPURE INGREDIENTS |
3.5%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the glycine page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
4 | 57.1% |
United States of America
|
1 | 14.3% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 14.3% |
|
United Kingdom
|
1 | 14.3% |
