16 Fluorene Manufacturers in 2024
This section provides an overview for fluorene as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 16 fluorene manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked fluorene companies as of April, 2024: 1.Alpha Chemika, 2.ATAMAN Kimya A.S. INC., 3.GLPBIO Technology LLC.
Table of Contents
What Is Fluorene?
Fluorene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is a shiny, colorless, plate-like crystal. It is obtained by distillation of coal tar and is insoluble in water, but soluble in ether and benzene. Fluorene, which usually contains impurities, tends to fluoresce. In particular, alcohol solutions are characterized by a weak violet fluorescence.
Fluorenone can also be obtained by oxidation. Fluorenone is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and is characterized by the high reactivity of the methylene group at position 9 in its chemical structure. The methylene group reacts with aldehydes and carboxylic esters in the presence of a base to produce ethylidene and ketone derivatives.
Uses of Fluorene
Fluorene is used as a raw material for synthesizing various chemicals and as a light-emitting layer and charge transport layer in organic EL devices (organic electronic devices).
Fluorenone is a compound used as a raw material for electrophotographic photoconductors, functional resins, and organic intermediates. Various derivatives are attracting attention in fields such as photoreceptors, optical functional materials, functional resins, organic intermediates, and organic EL.
When introduced into resins, they provide unparalleled resin properties, such as the effect of both high refractive index and low birefringence, as well as enhanced heat resistance and semiconductor-related materials.
It is also used as a raw material for fluorescent dyes and dyestuffs. In particular, fluorescein, a dye that emits green to yellow fluorescence, is widely used in biochemical analysis. in the synthesis of aromatic compounds such as phthalic acid, acetic acid esters, and amines. It is also known to be used as a fuel additive for environmental protection due to its effectiveness in removing sulfur compounds from fuels.
Properties of Fluorene
Fluorene is a colorless solid with a melting point of 116-118°C, a boiling point of 295°C, and a density of 1.17 g/cm3 (20°C). Its solubility in water is 0.005 g/100mL. Although no health hazards have been reported, inhalation may cause respiratory irritation, headache, dizziness, and other symptoms.
1. Physical Properties
It is a clear, colorless, crystalline solid with an aromatic quality. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and organic solvents such as benzene and toluene. It has low surface activity with water and is not suitable as a surfactant.
2. Chemical Properties
Fluorene is an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is more reactive than benzene rings, and is used in organic synthetic reactions. Fluorene is aromatic and has a conjugated system because the benzene rings are connected by π-bonds. When excited by light, it emits its fluorescence. Therefore, fluorene is used as a raw material for fluorescent dyes and as a luminescent material.
It is chemically stable, stable to light and air, and has a strong aromatic property and a unique fragrance. It has a high melting and boiling point, is resistant to heat, is soluble in organic solvents, and is luminescent due to its ability to absorb light.
Other Information on Fluorene
1. Synthesis of Fluorene
There are many synthetic methods for fluorene, but the most common are as follows:
Diels-Alder reaction
The Diels-Alder reaction is a reaction between a diene and an enone to form cyclohexadiene. Using this reaction, cyclohexadiene can be ring-opened to yield fluorene.
Friedel-Crafts Reaction
The Friedel-Crafts reaction is widely used in the synthesis of aromatic compounds. Using this reaction, the benzene ring is acylated with a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride, followed by a dehydrogenation reaction to yield fluorene.
Cycloaddition
Cycloaddition is a reaction in which compounds with double bonds react with each other to form cyclic compounds. Using this reaction, diphenylbutene, a precursor of fluorene, is formed, and fluorene can be obtained by further oxidation reaction.
Fluorene can be produced by pyrolysis of aromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures. This method is relatively simple and can synthesize fluorene in large quantities, but requires purification because the product may contain many impurities.
Fluorene derivatives can also be synthesized from diiodobiphenyls and other dihalobiphenyls by cross-coupling reactions in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
2. Reaction Mechanism of Synthesis of Fluorene Derivatives
Fluorene derivatives are formed by the following reaction mechanism.
Oxidative addition occurs, in which 0-valent Pd is oxidized to divalent Pd, followed by a metal exchange reaction with copper acetylide to combine acetylene, and cyclization proceeds by repeating the reductive elimination cross-coupling reaction twice, in which divalent Pd is reduced to 0-valent and eliminated.
List of 16 Fluorene Manufacturers
*Including some distributors, etc.
Sort by Features
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- Company Size: largest first
- Year Founded: oldest first
- Year Founded: earliest first
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- United States of America
- China
- India
- Japan
- United Kingdom
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GLPBIO Technology LLC
Fluorene
Company Overview
GlpBio Technology, established in 2016 and headquartered in Montclair, California, is a supplier of life science products covering 20 popular research fields, including epigenetics, neuroscience, and cancer. Its product portfolio has over 20,000 life science reagents, including biochemicals, tag peptides, bioactive peptides, amino acids, and nature products. Its main clients include clinical diagnostic laboratories, government agencies, research institutes, universities, and pharmaceutical companies. The company regularly increases its products to meet the latest research needs and provides custom organic synthesis and analytical services.
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Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.
Fluorene
Company Overview
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., established in 1991 and headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is an American manufacturer and supplier specializing in biological products for medical research. Initially providing antibodies to the research community, they expanded their offerings to include gene silencers like siRNA and shRNA (plasmid and lentiviral), targeting all known mouse and human genes. Over time, Santa Cruz Biotechnology provides over 175,000 research biochemicals under the brand ChemCruz, including protein-interacting inhibitors, substrates, and activators, tailored for studying protein functions. The company offers monoclonal primary antibodies, designed for various mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets, along with corresponding binding secondary antibodies.
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KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC.
Fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
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Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd.
Fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1948 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer of chemical reagents and chemical products, including commissioned synthesis of chemical products. Some of the products it makes include Sodium chloride solution, concentrated glycerin, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and nitric acid. The chemical products have a wide range of applications and can be used in pathological examination, as food additives, for analysis, and in the pharmaceutical industry. All its plants, including its research institute, are ISO4001 and ISO9001 certified, while its Saitama and Ibaraki plants are equipped with buildings that comply with GMP.
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Alpha Chemika
Fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Alpha Chemika, founded in 1989 and based in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer, supplier of laboratory reagents and fine chemicals. Their products are used in multiple industries, including pharmaceutical, chemical, biotechnology, and environmental. Their product portfolio ranges from chemicals such as Silver Nitrate, Perchloric Acid, and Lanthanum Acetate to laboratory tools and equipment such as Air Inlet Tubes, Air Inlet Tubes, and Optical Components. Alpha Chemika has been able to obtain ISO 9001:2000 certification.
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Xiaoyi JinJing Chemical Co., Ltd.
9H-fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Xiaoyi JinJing Chemical Co., Ltd., established in 2006 and headquartered in Xiabao Town, China, is a manufacturer specializing in fine chemicals such as isoquinoline, indole, and more. The company's product portfolio includes Quinolinic Acid, Wash Oil, Fluorene-9-bisphenol, 9-Fluorenylmethyl N-succinimidyl Carbonate, Di-tert-butyl Dicarbonate, and more. It excels in the deep processing of coal chemical products, utilizing coked wash oil, fluorene, quinoline, 9-fluorenone, and other materials to produce fine chemical products. It operates across a total area exceeding 20,000 square meters.
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Merck
Fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
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MilliporeSigma
Fluorene
Manufacturer Overview
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
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Alfa Aesar, Thermo Fisher Scientific.
L02124 Fluorene, 98+%
Company Overview
Alfa Aesar is based in Lancashire, United Kingdom. Alfa Aesar is part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, is a manufacturer and supplier of chemicals, metals, and life science products for research and development. Alfa Aesar’s product lines include chemicals, life science, materials & metals, catalysts, and analytical & lab ware. Chemical offerings include inorganic compounds, organic compounds, organometallic, and solvents. Life sciences include biotechnology products, cellular & molecular biology, genomics, and immunology. Materials & metal include alloys, carbon, etchants, and more. Catalysts include ferrocenes, fuel cell products, and precious metals & catalysts. Alfa Aesar also offers custom manufacturing options.
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Hangzhou Longshine Bio-Tech Co.,LTD
Fluorene
Company Overview
Hangzhou Longshine Bio-Tech Co., Ltd., established in 2011 and headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical and chemical goods. The company offers a wide range of products, including API and intermediates, conjugated estrogens, beta-alanine, adrenaline tartrate, and 5-bromopyridine-2-carbaldehyde. These chemical products serve various purposes, such as being potent orally active estrogen receptor antagonists with anticancer properties, regulating animal physiology, diagnosing animal diseases, and providing treatments for conditions like erectile dysfunction.
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Jigs chemical
Fluorene
Company Overview
Jigs Chemical was established in 1998 and is based in India with global offices in the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia. Jigs Chemical is a manufacturer, distributor, and marketing & sales provider for organizations in India, specializing in chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for pharmaceutical, agriculture, ceramics, metal treatment, and other industries. Jigs Chemical helps facilitate international customers to obtain chemicals from India, providing import and export assistance. Jigs Chemical’s product catalog includes over 40000 active pharmaceutical ingredients, commonly called APIs, their respective intermediates, and other chemicals.
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Central Drug House
Fluorene
Company Overview
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
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Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd
Fluorene
Distributor Overview
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
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NATIONAL ANALYTICAL CORPORATION
Fluorene
Distributor Overview
National Analytical Corporation (NAC) is located in Mumbai, India. NAC was founded in 2009 as a distributor of laboratory grade chemicals used in numerous industries. NAC’s chemical offerings include biochemical & reagents such s Prunetin and 1,2-dipalmitoly-rac-glycerol, analytical grade chemicals such as chicoric acid and Vitamin E solutions, laboratory chemicals such as formic acid and nitric acid, gas chromatography chemicals such as Aalborg mass flowmeter battery kits and DEX 225, reference standard chemicals such as Palladium in HNO3, oral solid dosage forms, such as cellulosic and protect film coating systems, parenteral dosage forms, beverage & nutrition, and coating chemicals.
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ATAMAN Kimya A.S. INC.
Fluorene
Distributor Overview
Ataman Kimya, established in 2006, is a distributor of chemicals based in Istanbul, Turkey. Their wide range of products includes detergents, cosmetics, disinfectants, pharmaceutical chemicals, and water treatment chemicals. They also offer textile, leather, paper, and mining chemicals. These chemicals, such as hydrogenated castor oils, ethanol, and butylene glycol, find applications in various industries, such as personal care, household cleaning, fragrance, coatings, and agriculture. The company also offers custom blending to meet specific requirements.
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Fluorene Manufacturer Ranking
*Including some distributors, etc.Ranking as of April 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | ATAMAN Kimya A.S. INC. |
26.7%
|
| 2 | Alpha Chemika |
13.3%
|
| 3 | NATIONAL ANALYTICAL CORPORATION |
13.3%
|
| 4 | GLPBIO Technology LLC |
13.3%
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| 5 | Xiaoyi JinJing Chemical Co., Ltd. |
6.7%
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| 6 | Hangzhou Longshine Bio-Tech Co.,LTD |
6.7%
|
| 7 | Central Drug House |
6.7%
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| 8 | JFE Chemical Corporation |
6.7%
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| 9 | KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC. |
6.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the fluorene page as of April 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
- KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC.: 1,062
- JFE Chemical Corporation: 575
- Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd.: 171
Newly Established Company
- GLPBIO Technology LLC: 2016 (8 years ago)
- Hangzhou Longshine Bio-Tech Co.,LTD: 2011 (13 years ago)
- NATIONAL ANALYTICAL CORPORATION: 2009 (15 years ago)
Company with a History
- KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC.: 1944 (80 years ago)
- Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd.: 1948 (76 years ago)
- Alpha Chemika: 1962 (62 years ago)
Fluorene Manufacturers in United States
*Including some distributors, etc.
Global Distribution of Fluorene Manufacturers by Country
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
India
|
4 | 33.3% |
Japan
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3 | 25.0% |
United States of America
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2 | 16.7% |
China
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2 | 16.7% |
United Kingdom
|
1 | 8.3% |
