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This section provides an overview for pulse oximeters as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 11 pulse oximeter manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked pulse oximeter companies as of December, 2024: 1.PulseOximeter.org, 2.American Diagnostic Corporation, 3.Smiths Medical.
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Categories Related to Pulse Oximeters
Figure 1. Oxygen meter overview
Pulse Oximeters are instruments used to measure the concentration of oxygen in the air.
It is sometimes referred to as an oxygen sensor or oxygen monitor. Because oxygen is essential for human life, it is extremely important to monitor the concentration of oxygen in the environment.
In addition, there are many cases in which accurate oxygen concentration control is required in various scientific and industrial fields, and instruments are manufactured to meet specific applications.
Pulse Oximeters are used in the following two major applications
In the prevention of oxygen deficiency, oxygen concentration is monitored for the purpose of life support in enclosed spaces such as tunnels. It is said that if the oxygen concentration falls below 15%, a person will have difficulty breathing, if it falls below 7%, brain function will be impaired, and if it falls below 4%, death will occur. The equipment comes in portable and wall-mounted forms.
In some industrial heat treatment processes, such as in the chemical industry, ceramics, and metals, oxygen levels must be kept low. Industrial furnace combustion processes also require monitoring and control of oxygen concentration to optimize combustion efficiency and the redox process. Pulse Oximeters for these industrial purposes must be durable enough to withstand harsh environments, such as high-temperature chemical reaction fields.
The two main operating principles of Pulse Oximeters are the "galvanic cell type" and the "zirconia solid electrolyte type. Other types include the "magnetic type" and "wavelength tunable semiconductor laser spectrometer type.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of galvanic cell oxygen analyzer
The galvanic cell consists of a resin membrane that allows oxygen from the outside world to pass through, gold (Au) and lead (Pb) electrodes, and an electrolyte (potassium hydroxide solution). The following reactions take place at each electrode
The electrons emitted at the anode reach the cathode, where oxygen taken in from the air takes up the electrons emitted at the anode. Since the flow of electrons (current) is proportional to the oxygen concentration, the oxygen concentration can be measured by measuring the current. Since this reaction occurs spontaneously, no power supply is required to drive the sensor.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of a zirconia solid electrolyte oxygen meter
This method uses a zirconia cell, taking advantage of the fact that zirconia exhibits solid electrolyte properties at temperatures of 500°C or higher.
Zirconia can conduct oxygen negative ions (O2-) in a solid state, and the ions are conducted from a gas with high oxygen concentration (in the air) to an atmosphere with low oxygen concentration (in an industrial furnace, for example).
This ionic conduction generates a potential difference, and electrodes are placed on the high O2 concentration side and the low O2 concentration side, respectively, to generate an electromotive force. The relationship is just like the positive and negative electrodes of a battery.
The electromotive force generated between the electrodes obeys the Nernst equation (see below), so the oxygen partial pressure at each electrode can be determined.
The temperature is measured by thermocouples attached to the zirconia.
In an atmosphere of approximately 400°C or lower, the target gas is introduced into the device via a sampling tube, and the zirconia cell is heated to a predetermined temperature using a platinum heater, etc. (sampling method). This is because zirconia requires a temperature of 500°C or higher to function as a solid electrolyte.
Different Pulse Oximeters should be used for the prevention of oxygen deficiency and for maintaining low oxygen concentrations in industrial processes.
Portable and stationary oxygen meters designed to prevent oxygen deficiency use galvanic cell batteries, which do not require a power supply to drive the sensor. The life of the sensor is approximately 2 to 3 years. However, the usable environment is limited to an atmosphere similar to the general environment, and the accuracy is about ±0.5% O2. Some products are explosion-proof.
On the other hand, zirconia-type products are used to measure oxygen concentration in high-temperature industrial processes such as industrial furnaces, etc. Under an atmosphere of 700°C or higher, the direct insertion type is used by inserting the sensor directly into the atmosphere, while under 400°C, a separate zirconia cell is used by drawing in the atmosphere gas inside the furnace through a sampling tube, etc. For temperatures below 400°C, a sampling method that draws in atmospheric gas from the furnace through a sampling tube and separately heats the zirconia cell is appropriate.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Compass Health Brands, founded in 1993, is a medical device manufacturer located on Engle Road in Middleburg Heights, Ohio. The company makes raised toilet seats, chin straps, shower seats, orthopedic braces, therapeutic cushions, and chin straps. It also manufactures topical analgesics, CPAP tubings, replacement bed parts, home health bags, conductive clothing, and topical analgesics for treatment, pain management, bath safety, beds, and mobility. The combination of Roscoe Medical and Carex Health Brands resulted in the creation of the company.
American Diagnostic Corporation, based in Hauppauge, New York, was founded in 1984 as a manufacturer and distributor of diagnostic medical devices, personal instruments, and accessories. The company's product line includes fiberoptic laryngoscopes, pocket aneroid sphygmomanometers, disposable cuffs, and vital sign monitors. It also manufactures pulse oximeters, ear thermometers, reusable penlights, reflex hammers, and diagnostic tools for nursing, schools, veterinary, surgery, and medical facilities. In 2020, the business was named the HIA-Li Large Employer of the Year.
PulseOximeter.org is a supplier of all kinds of pulse oximeters in Barclay Blvd, Buffalo Grove, IL, and was founded in 2004. The company supplies fingertip pulse oximeters, thermometers, wrist pulse oximeters, oximeters with blood pressure monitors, and handheld pulse oximeters. The company also distributes nebulizers, ECG monitors, veterinary pulse oximeters, spirometers, and urine analyzers for the medical, research, and healthcare industries. The company only sells new products shipped within the same business day.
AED.US, a Coro Medical Company, since 1999 in Dr. Suite, Franklin, TN, has been a supplier of pre-owned and new Automated External Defibrillators(AED) used in cases of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias such as pulseless ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation. The company produces manual defibrillators, AED trainers, and training products such as first aid kits, hand sanitizers, mobilized rescue systems, trauma kits, and choking rescue devices. The company has partners like the Sudden Cardiac Arrest Foundation, GSCA, GotAED, and Be Like Bill.
Mettler Toledo was incorporated in 1945 in Toledo, Ohio, and is today headquartered in Greifensee, Switzerland. Mettler Toledo is a manufacturer of various analytical instruments for use in laboratories, industrial and manufacturing, and food retailing applications to customers globally. Mettler Toledo offers many products across product lines for uses such as product inspection, process analytics, jewelry scales, moisture analyzers, and software for laboratory weighing. Mettler Toledo also offers numerous accessories such as density kits, hands-free accessories, weighing tables, and weight accessories.
New Cosmos Electric, a company founded in 1934 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer and supplier of gas detectors and alarm systems. The company's product portfolio includes portable gas detectors, odor sensors, steel dust meters, air quality monitors, and gas detection and alarm systems. These products are utilized by various industries, including the energy industry, steel, construction, transportation, and livestock industries. The company is both ISO 14001 and ISO 9001 certified, with offices and distributors in the USA, Thailand, France, Europe, and Brazil.
AliveCor, Inc., founded in 2011 in Mountain View, California, United States, is a manufacturer of ECG hardware and software compatible with mobile devices to enable remorse heart rhythm monitoring and detection of abnormal rhythms. The company produces portable stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs, convenient travel cases, personal EKGs, and KardiaCare memberships to track risk factors like weight, activity, and blood pressure to provide heart data analyses, virtual assistance, and health coaching.
TTLIFE Oxygen Concentrator, since 2018, has been a manufacturer of oxygen concentrators in Hefei City, Anhui Province, China. The company makes home and portable oxygen concentrators and accessories such as cell batteries, filter sponges, versatile bags, car power inverters, and remote controllers used in residential, industrial, transportation, and commercial spaces. The company offers manuals, warranties, refunds, and discounts with the oxygen concentrators and accessories shipped differently within 3-5 days for US orders and 10-15 days for the accessories.
Turner Medical, established in 1974 in Highwood, Colchester, CT, is a family-held distributor of pulse oximetry and vital sign products for health purposes. The company distributes oximeters for continuously monitoring ear pulses, MRI-safe pulses, respiration rates, and spot-check pulses. The company is an authorized dealer of pulse oximeters from companies such as Smiths-BCI, Nonin, and Masimo. It also holds Volusion's 128-bit security certificate and distributes products that are FDA approved.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | PulseOximeter.org |
17.4%
|
| 2 | American Diagnostic Corporation |
15.1%
|
| 3 | Smiths Medical |
14.3%
|
| 4 | Compass Health Brands |
10.8%
|
| 5 | AED.US, a Coro Medical Company |
7.6%
|
| 6 | AliveCor, Inc. |
7.6%
|
| 7 | Turner Medical |
6.7%
|
| 8 | Mettler-Toledo |
6.4%
|
| 9 | LOOKEETech |
5.6%
|
| 10 | New Cosmos Electric |
4.3%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the pulse oximeter page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
5 | 71.4% |
|
Germany
|
1 | 14.3% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 14.3% |
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