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This section provides an overview for phenylethylamines as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 45 phenylethylamine manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked phenylethylamine companies as of December, 2024: 1.LGC Standards, 2.AK Scientific, Inc, 3.Biosynth.
Table of Contents
Figure 1. Basic Information on 2-Phenylethylamine
Phenylethylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H11N, comprising both 2-phenylethylamine and 1-phenylethylamine. The former is also known as phenethylamine.
2-Phenylethylamine, an alkaloid, is a natural organic compound containing nitrogen atoms. It is found in mammals' bodies and micro-fermented foods like chocolate, where it acts as a neurotransmitter.
2-Phenylethylamine and its derivatives exhibit antidepressant properties and can be utilized as antidepressants. This compound stimulates dopamine and adrenaline release, hormones associated with enjoyment and anticipation. It is particularly noted for its role in love-related hormone secretion, earning the nickname "love hormone."
2-Phenylethylamine has a melting point of -60 °C and boils at 195 °C. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and pressure. In nature, it is synthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine through enzymatic decarboxylation. When exposed to air, it forms carbonates with CO2.
In the brain, 2-phenylethylamine serves as a neurotransmitter but is rapidly degraded, classifying it as a "trace amine."
Classified as a primary amine, 2-Phenylethylamine has a molecular weight of 121.183 g/mol and a density of 0.9640 g/cm³. Its backbone structure is a component of complex compounds, including the morphinan ring in morphine and the ergoline ring in LSD.
Figure 2. 2-Phenylethylamine Derivatives
Hundreds of 2-phenylethylamine derivatives exist, with chemical modifications to the phenyl, amino, and side chains. These include neurotransmitters like tyramine and tyrosine, which is also a DNA component. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, catecholamines (e.g., dopamine, levodopa, adrenaline, noradrenaline), and aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, phenylalanine) are examples of such derivatives.
Figure 3. 1-Phenylethylamine Basic Information
1-Phenylethylamine, structurally related to 2-phenylethylamine, is a colorless liquid with a melting point of -65 °C and a boiling point of 187 °C. It has a density of 0.94 g/mL and is used in optical resolution due to its mirror-image isomerism. It forms basic compounds like ammonium salts and imines.
1-Phenylethylamine can be synthesized from acetophenone through reductive amination or the Leuckart reaction with ammonium formate. The l-malic acid method can separate its isomers, crystallizing the right-handed structure and leaving the left-handed one in solution.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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AK Scientific, Inc. (AKS) is an American advanced intermediates and fine chemicals manufacturer that was established in Union City, California in 1997. The company’s product lineup includes chemical biocides, bioactives, inhibitors, and reagents. It also offers a range of products for use in life science applications, such as screening compounds, organoborons, and molecular fluorophores. These are extensively used in agrochemicals, biotech, pharmaceuticals, and nanotechnology. Aside from its products, AKS also offers international procurement and sourcing services to its clients, which include AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
United States Biological, located in Salem, Massachusetts, is a manufacturer and supplier of life science research products. Its product offerings include biochemicals, antibodies, and molecular biology kits. The company’s products are used in various fields such as genomic research, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical development. Products are available from affordable research quantities to larger bulk amounts for process development and production. Its customer base comprises pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies both in the US and overseas.
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., established in 1991 and headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is an American manufacturer and supplier specializing in biological products for medical research. Initially providing antibodies to the research community, they expanded their offerings to include gene silencers like siRNA and shRNA (plasmid and lentiviral), targeting all known mouse and human genes. Over time, Santa Cruz Biotechnology provides over 175,000 research biochemicals under the brand ChemCruz, including protein-interacting inhibitors, substrates, and activators, tailored for studying protein functions. The company offers monoclonal primary antibodies, designed for various mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets, along with corresponding binding secondary antibodies.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
Parchem was founded in 1999 and headquartered in Rochelle, New York. Parchem is a distributor of industrial chemicals. Parchem serves nutritional, personal care, pharmaceutical, and specialty chemical industries. Parchem offerings include coatings, adhesives, elastomers, industrial products, petrochemicals, oleochemicals, plastics, rubber, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, consumer products, catalysts, metallic salts, rare earths, flavors & fragrances, industrial & institutional, textiles, other food-related chemicals, dyes, finishes, chemicals for aerospace, oil gas drilling chemicals, electronics, and pharmaceuticals.
BenchChem, an American company located in Pasadena, California, is a supplier specializing in chemicals and biochemicals for laboratory and research and development use. The company’s product portfolio includes inhibitors, chemical reagents, bioactive chemicals, lead compounds, and catalysts. These products cater to various industries, including pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, academic and research institutions, chemical and materials science researchers, as well as environmental and analytical laboratories. The company provides customer services, including contract manufacturing and analytical services.
Aceschem Inc., headquartered in Dallas, Texas, USA, is a supplier of chemical compounds, operating with research and manufacturing facilities in China. The company produces advanced pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals across various quantities. Its product range includes fluorinated building blocks for pharmaceutical and agrochemical synthesis, intermediates used in compound production, research chemicals for scientific investigations, pharmaceutical intermediates as fundamental components in drug manufacturing, and fine chemicals tailored to specific requirements. It emphasizes intellectual property protection and collaboration with international biotech and pharmaceutical firms.
Advanced ChemBlocks Inc. 2010 in San Francisco Bay, USA, is a supplier of building blocks, bioreference products and synthesized molecules. It supplies over 80,000 chemical products such as azetidine, bicyclic ring, cyclobutane, and indazole. The company also provides custom synthesis services for contaminants, reference compounds, small molecules, pharmaceutical metabolites, and fine chemicals. Besides that, it offers scale-up and manufacturing services such as developing new APIs and intermediates and optimizing synthetic routes.
Jas Enterprises is a manufacturer of a wide range of industrial crushing, grinding, and pulverizing equipment, established in 1990 and headquartered in Gujarat, India. The company’s product line consists of dal mills, impact pulverizers, pounding machines, grinding machines, and vibrating screens. It also offers blenders and mixers, kneaders, cutting machines, and dryers. The company is ISO 9001:2015 certified and serves various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and plastics. It exports to over 75 countries worldwide, spanning Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Africa.
Manchester Organics Ltd., established in 1996 and headquartered in Cheshire, England, is a manufacturer of organic building blocks, intermediates & research chemicals. The company offers over 50,000 building blocks and fine organic chemicals. It specializes in fluorination technology and general organic synthesis at all scales and provides a chemically diverse range of custom synthesis services, development and scale-up projects. The company has multiple milligram to multi-kilo production facilities with high pressure capability and cGMP specialist fluorination facility.
LGC Standards Ltd., established in 1842, is a global British manufacturer and supplier of reference standards, headquartered in Teddington, Middlesex, with offices in 20 countries worldwide. As a subsidiary of LGC Group, the United Kingdom’s National Measurement Institute, LGC Standards also serves as the Government Chemist, providing expert opinions based on independent chemical and bioanalytical measurements. Under the business unit LGC Industrial, the company offers industrial measurement tools. Additionally, their subsidiaries, including Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (TRC) of Canada, LGC Mikromol™, and Dr. Ehrenstorfer™ of Germany, develop research tools, standards for pharmaceutical quality control, and reference materials for food and environmental analysis.
Hefei Home Sunshine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, established in 2013 and headquartered in Hefei City, China, is a manufacturer specializing in both standard and custom chemical synthesis. With manufacturing facilities in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia, Home Sunshine Pharma offers a range of products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, fine chemicals, coenzymes, and nucleotides. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, Home Sunshine Pharma serves research institutions, universities, and industries in Europe, America, and Southeast Asia with their chemical products.
Finetech Industry Limited is a manufacturer of organic compounds and intermediates, which was established in 2009 and is based in Wuhan, China. The company makes pyridine compounds, pyran compounds, pyridazine compounds, catalysts and auxiliaries, as well as piperazine compounds. It also crafts active pharmaceutical ingredients, pharmaceutical intermediates, natural extracts, chemical reagents, and pyrimidine compounds. Each of its products that are offered to the customers is available in three packages, which are one gram, five grams, and bulk quantity.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
iChemical Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, established in 2008 and headquartered in Shanghai, China, is a manufacturer of industrial chemicals. Its product portfolio includes solvents, catalysts, reagents, and building blocks, along with offerings in pesticides, herbicides, food additives, and surfactants. The company provide services such as custom synthesis, scale-up, punch-out, and procurement outsourcing. The company operates seven offices and logistic hubs, and is connected to 15,000 laboratories and manufacturers, offering a wide portfolio of 380,000 research chemicals. Its products and services have been utilized to groundbreaking scientific discoveries for over 20,000 organizations worldwide.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai-based manufacturer and supplier of laboratory and fine chemicals, catering to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, research, hospitals, and universities since its establishment in 1975. Their product range includes pH indicators, biological stains, HPLC solvents, high purity acids, and tetrazolium salts and derivatives. These products serve various applications like pH testing, cell and tissue staining, chemical separation, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The company has several certifications, such as ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 9001:2015.
WoMaster is a manufacturer of industrial products. The company offers goods for critical applications such as railway, power and utility, intelligent transportation, and smart city surveillance. The company's R&D team owns critical IIOT hardware and software technologies. With full SMT, DIP, assembly, and test lines, the company EMS has produced industrial devices for more than 20 years. The company EMS passes ISO9001:2015 and ISO14001:2015 quality certificates. The company provides SW and HW (ASIC) integrated protection mechanisms that apply the latest application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) secure technology.
Shandong Chuangying, established in 2005 and based in China, is a manufacturer of chemicals. The company produces products such as disinfectant and antiseptic series, daily chemicals, cosmetic raw materials, food/feed additives, and catalysts & chemical auxiliary agents and supplies to different industries such as agriculture, cosmetics, industrial, pharmaceutical, and chemical. All these products are exported to different countries such as Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe, and America. The product line is produced according to the ISO9001, ISO14001, and GB/T-28001 requirements, and the company holds ISO-9001, CE, and SGS certifications.
Columbus Chemical Industries, based in Columbus, Wisconsin, USA, is a manufacturer and distributor of specialty chemicals. The company offers chemical analysis, problem-solving skills, and chemical packaging and processing services for high-purity and ultra-pure chemical needs of several industries such as the pharmaceutical, semiconductor, and energy industry. Its product range include nitric acid, salts, and chemical solvents, which can be packaged in bottles, drums, or in high capacity totes. The company operates under an ISO 9001:2015 certified Quality Management System and is a member of the National Association of Chemical Distributors.
UbiBot is a manufacturer of wireless environmental sensors and smart building solutions, founded in 2018 and based in the United Kingdom. The company specializes in the development and production of wireless IoT sensors, including motion sensors, air quality sensors, and leak detectors. It also offers a range of cloud platforms, external probes, and accessories, along with the UbiBot Global SIM, which allows UbiBot sensors to transmit data over cellular networks. The company has a wide distribution network across Europe, North and South America, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. It serves various sectors, including agriculture, pharmaceuticals, industrial monitoring, and home monitoring.
BASF Corporation, established in 1986 as the North American affiliate of BASF SE, is a manufacturer of chemical products, headquarters in Florham Park, New Jersey. The company operates 11 divisions which specialize in six business segments, namely chemicals, materials (such as plastics and rubber), industrial solutions, surface technologies (including construction chemicals and coating solutions), nutrition (for human and animal), and agricultural solutions. BASF's products find extensive applications across diverse industries such as automotive and transportation, construction, consumer electronics, energy, and furniture. Additionally, the company serves the medical and pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings, power tools, pulp and paper, as well as textile industries.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
SR GROUP, founded in 2014 and headquartered in Delhi, India, is a supplier and distributor specializing in industrial chemicals and bio-chemical solutions. The company's product portfolio includes boronic acids, API intermediates, boronic acids with pinacol ester, melatonin powders, and various other chemicals. These products are used in various industries, including pharmaceutical manufacturing, life sciences, biotechnology, agriculture, and research institutions. The company imports its products for distribution from manufacturers in various countries, including Germany, Canada, Italy, the USA, and the United Kingdom.
MainChem Co., Ltd, established in 2014, is a Chinese manufacturer and distributor of fine and specialty chemicals, with its headquarters located in Xiamen, Fujian. The company's product portfolio includes life science chemicals, petrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Some of MainChem’s chemical substances have passed evaluations based on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), a European Union regulation. These chemicals are used in various industries, including cosmetics, food additives, personal care product, and water treatment. MainChem offers the "ONE-STOP" solution for chemical sourcing from China. They also provide custom chemical synthesis services, encompassing the entire process from initial research to commercial-scale production.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
KOEI CHEMICAL CO. LTD. established in 1917 and based in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer and supplier specializing in the production of chemical products. The company's product portfolio includes ionic liquids, amines, formalin products, pyridines, and pyrazines. These chemicals are utilized in various sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, electronics, furniture manufacturing, and the paint and coatings industry. The company is ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified, and provides custom synthesis and technical support to its clients.
Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, established in 1879 and headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany, is a manufacturer, distributor, and supplier of laboratory equipment, life science products, and chemicals. Their extensive product range encompasses analytical instruments, biological safety cabinets, heating mantles, pH meters, centrifuges, thermometers, and various chemicals. Their products support and facilitate laboratory research, analysis, and experimentation across various industries such as pharmaceutical, chemical, and environmental sectors. The company is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 and DIN EN ISO 14001:2015.
Merck Millipore, founded in 1954 and headquartered in Darmstadt, Germany, is a manufacturer, distributor, and supplier of life science products and services. Their diverse range of products finds applications in research, development, and manufacturing of biotechnological and pharmaceutical drug therapies. Some of their offerings include filters for removing contaminants from liquids and gases, chromatography columns for separating and analyzing complex mixtures, reagents used in various laboratory assays, antibodies for detecting and quantifying specific molecules, and cell culture media for growing and maintaining cells in culture. Their products and services are utilized significantly in the advancement of life sciences and drug development.
BOC Sciences is headquartered in Shirley, New York as a brand of BOCSCI Inc. The company is a developer, manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of premium chemicals, emphasizing small molecule synthesis, biosynthesis, purification, and characterization used in academia, pharmaceuticals, biotech, CDMO, material sciences, and agriculture industries, supporting research and production. The company’s products include thousands of inhibitors, nucleotides, metabolites, and isotope-labeled products. The company offers custom synthesis and manufacturing, analytical services, antibody-drug conjugate development, and strain engineering and fermentation services.
Jigs Chemical was established in 1998 and is based in India with global offices in the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia. Jigs Chemical is a manufacturer, distributor, and marketing & sales provider for organizations in India, specializing in chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for pharmaceutical, agriculture, ceramics, metal treatment, and other industries. Jigs Chemical helps facilitate international customers to obtain chemicals from India, providing import and export assistance. Jigs Chemical’s product catalog includes over 40000 active pharmaceutical ingredients, commonly called APIs, their respective intermediates, and other chemicals.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Glentham Life Sciences is based in Corsham, United Kingdom. Glentham Life Sciences is a leading supplier of fine chemicals, raw materials, reagents, and life science products. Glenthem also offers a number of services including custom packaging, call-off orders, and safety documentation. Glentham’s product offerings include chemicals such as amino acids, antibiotics, APIs, biochemicals, buffers, carbohydrates, chitin, chitosan, detergents, dyes, stains, enzymes, inorganic, peptide reagents, phytochemical, raw materials, solvents, steroids, and vitamins among others.
MuseChem Chemicals is an American chemical supplier located in Fairfield, New Jersey. They offer a wide range of products, including inhibitors and agonists, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and specialty chemicals. Research chemicals such as chemical reagents, bioactive chemicals, catalysts, and ligands are also part of their product offerings. MuseChem provides various services, including custom synthesis research of organic compounds for the agrochemical, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. They also offer peptide synthesis services, ranging from bulk API peptides production to complex peptide modifications. Moreover, MuseChem offers bioconjugation services to create functional biomolecules for biomarker imaging, protein biodistribution, and cellular event tracking.
Echemi Digital Technology Co. Ltd., started in 2015 and based in Hong Kong, China, is a supplier of chemical raw materials through its B2B digital commerce platform. The company sells products such as propylene carbonate, adipic acid, and oseltamivir phosphate and serves over 100,000 buyers and over 20,000 suppliers in more than 190 countries worldwide. It also provides price and market analysis of over 500 raw materials per week in the areas of coatings, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It also covers food and nutrition and was ranked 55th in the 2022 ICIS top 100 chemical distributors.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | LGC Standards |
50.0%
|
| 2 | AK Scientific, Inc |
16.7%
|
| 3 | Biosynth |
16.7%
|
| 4 | Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG |
16.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the phenylethylamine page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
9 | 27.3% |
|
India
|
7 | 21.2% |
|
China
|
4 | 12.1% |
|
Japan
|
4 | 12.1% |
|
United Kingdom
|
3 | 9.1% |
|
Switzerland
|
2 | 6.1% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 3.0% |
|
Germany
|
1 | 3.0% |
Australia
|
1 | 3.0% |
France
|
1 | 3.0% |
