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This section provides an overview for tyramine as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 25 tyramine manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked tyramine companies as of December, 2024: 1.Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., 2.LobaChemie Pct.Ltd., 3.BioCrick.
Table of Contents
Figure 1. Basic Information on Tyramine
Tyramine is a derivative of phenethylamine (phenylethylamine).
It is also known as p-tyramine, utheramine, tocosine, tyrosamine, and cystogen. Foods high in tyramine, such as aged cheeses, red wine, cocoa products, fermented foods, pickled foods, and smoked foods, can trigger hypertensive crises.
Tyramine is found extensively in animal and plant organisms and is produced by enzymatic action. It is metabolized and deactivated by monoamine oxidase enzymes.
As a monoamine, tyramine has several physiological effects, including raising blood pressure due to its vasoconstrictive properties.
It is used in immunofluorescence analysis as a substrate for peroxidase, marked with fluorescent dyes.
Tyramine appears as a white to light brown crystalline powder, soluble in ethanol and water, and virtually insoluble in acetone. Its melting point is 164.5°C, and its boiling point is 325.2°C.
The simultaneous consumption of tyramine-rich foods and the antituberculosis drug isoniazid may lead to side effects such as sweating, headaches, abdominal pain, and increased blood pressure. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, a medication for rhinitis, may cause similar effects.
Tyramine, a phenethylamine derivative, has a hydroxy group at the phenyl group's 4-position, also known as 4-hydroxyphenethylamine or p-hydroxyphenethylamine.
Its chemical formula is C8H11NO, with a molar mass of 137.179 g/mol and a density of 1.103 g/cm3.
Figure 2. Biosynthesis of Tyramine
Tyramine, widely present in plants and animals, is biosynthesized in humans from L-phenylalanine (Phe). Tyrosine (Tyr) can be synthesized from phenylalanine in vivo by phenylalanine-4-monooxygenase and its coenzyme tetrahydrobiopterin. Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase then decarboxylates tyrosine to produce tyramine. Tyramine is also generated as a putrefactive amine when proteins in food are degraded by microorganisms.
Tyramine stimulates the release of noradrenaline, a vasoconstrictor, leading to increased blood pressure. This can contribute to migraine attacks and an increased heart rate. However, repeated short-term administration of tyramine depletes noradrenaline, reducing its effectiveness, as noradrenaline biosynthesis cannot keep pace.
High-tyramine foods, including cocoa and chocolate, can sometimes cause headaches due to blood vessel dilation after the vasoconstrictive effects of tyramine subside.
Figure 3. Related Compounds of Tyramine
Tyramine can be methylated to produce alkaloids such as N-methyltyramine, N,N-dimethyltyramine, and N,N,N-trimethyltyramine. Alkaloids, generally, are organic compounds containing nitrogen atoms; N,N-dimethyltyramine is also known as hordenine, and N,N,N-trimethyltyramine is known as candicine.
Tyramine is structurally similar to monoamine neurotransmitters, such as adrenaline, noradrenaline, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine, and shares similar physiological effects, including uterine contraction, blood pressure elevation, and peripheral nerve contraction.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Cayman Chemical Company is a manufacturer of life science research products founded in 1979 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. They offer a diverse array of analytical standards, reagents, and other products for research in cancer, oxidative injury, epigenetics, neuroscience, inflammation, as well as metabolism, and other areas. The company supplies small molecules, biochemicals, assay kits, antibodies, and proteins to research scientists across academic, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical institutions. Cayman Chemical Company holds dual accreditations to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016 by ANAB Accreditation Services.
ALB Technology Limited, headquartered in Nevada, USA, is a manufacturer, supplier and distributor of reference standards, health ingredients, antibody drug conjugates, and special chemicals. Its product categories include reference standards with verified purity and structure, antibody drug conjugates, chemical reagents, sodium hyaluronate, and special chemicals, serving various industries like pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food, and feed additives. The compaany plays a significant role in providing essential materials for research and engineering applications globally.
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., founded in 1956 and headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, is a manufacturer and supplier of life science solutions, analytical instruments, specialty diagnostics, laboratory products, and biopharma services. Through its brand names, including Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific, Patheon, Applied Biosystems, and Gibco, among others, the company provides a wide range of products, which include chromatography systems, thermal cyclers, automated cell counters, fermenters, and DNA polymerases. The company’s annual revenue is over 40 billion USD, and it serves several fields, including customers working in clinical diagnostic labs, research institutions, hospitals, government agencies, and pharmaceutical/biotech companies.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
Alfa Chemistry, founded in the year 2015 is based in New York, USA as a biotechnology company and manufacturer of graphene materials. Their product portfolio includes graphene oxide, CVD graphene film, graphene modification services, graphene series, graphene-like material, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, upcoming nanoparticles, and graphene transfer services. The company also provides services in custom manufacturing, and graphene analysis with quality assurance. The products are used in various industries which include energy, digital electronics, environment, textile, coating, and biomedical science.
Hefei Home Sunshine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, established in 2013 and headquartered in Hefei City, China, is a manufacturer specializing in both standard and custom chemical synthesis. With manufacturing facilities in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia, Home Sunshine Pharma offers a range of products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, fine chemicals, coenzymes, and nucleotides. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, Home Sunshine Pharma serves research institutions, universities, and industries in Europe, America, and Southeast Asia with their chemical products.
Apollo Scientific Ltd, a subsidiary of Japan’s Central Glass Europe Limited, is a research chemicals manufacturer and supplier founded in 1993 and headquartered in Bredbury, United Kingdom. Performing chemical syntheses in their Manchester-based laboratories, Apollo Scientific offers a selection of over 100,000 chemical products, from fluorinated compounds to non-fluorinated building blocks, for research and industry applications. Their life science products include antibiotics and buffers, as well as customized products for stem cell, molecular biology, and proteomics research. Additionally, Apollo Scientific offers spectroscopy products, such as consumables for infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry standards.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
Shree Ganesh Remedies Ltd., headquartered in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India, has been a manufacturer of pharmaceutical intermediates, bulk drugs, and specialty chemicals since 1995. The company offers products including active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients, pellets, nutraceuticals, and veterinary products such as clorsulon and trimethoprim. These products are used for formulating medicines, supplements, and animal health products to treat various conditions like infections, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and arthritis. The quality management system (QMS) is designed to fulfill the core quality objectives of the company.
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai-based manufacturer and supplier of laboratory and fine chemicals, catering to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, research, hospitals, and universities since its establishment in 1975. Their product range includes pH indicators, biological stains, HPLC solvents, high purity acids, and tetrazolium salts and derivatives. These products serve various applications like pH testing, cell and tissue staining, chemical separation, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The company has several certifications, such as ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 9001:2015.
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd., founded in 2009, is a Chinese chemical manufacturer and supplier based in Zhengzhou, Henan. The company has developed over 500 compounds, mostly for fine applications in manufacturing and life science. Their product range includes electronic chemicals, ultraviolet (UV)-curing materials, ionic liquids, and pharmaceutical materials. Additionally, Henan Tianfu has expanded into the fine chemical market, offering noble metal catalysts, organic phosphine ligands, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) intermediates. They are also involved in the development of pesticides and medical intermediates, as well as the analysis and synthesis of electronic chemical materials.
Avantor was founded in 1904 and is headquartered in Radnor, Pennsylvania, as a supplier of lab and production services such as general and technical lab services, production, and business process consulting services. The company offers various clinical services, including customized kitting solutions, clinical trial equipment, and ancillary services. The organization is regarded as a dependable global partner for customers and suppliers in the life sciences, advanced technologies, and applied materials industries, spanning from initial discovery to final delivery.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Hunan Huateng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., established in 2013 and based in Changsha, China, is a supplier of PEG derivatives and a contract manufacturer of APIs and intermediates. It stocks chemical reagents, vaccine excipients, APIs, and pharmaceutical intermediates, among other chemicals. In 2016, the company launched the first R&D center in Changsha, and in 2020, it completed the construction of its company, which started operations. It is ISO 9001 certified and has a range of facilities to manufacture and store chemical products up to 10 Metric Tons.
Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, established in 1879 and headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany, is a manufacturer, distributor, and supplier of laboratory equipment, life science products, and chemicals. Their extensive product range encompasses analytical instruments, biological safety cabinets, heating mantles, pH meters, centrifuges, thermometers, and various chemicals. Their products support and facilitate laboratory research, analysis, and experimentation across various industries such as pharmaceutical, chemical, and environmental sectors. The company is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 and DIN EN ISO 14001:2015.
Jigs Chemical was established in 1998 and is based in India with global offices in the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia. Jigs Chemical is a manufacturer, distributor, and marketing & sales provider for organizations in India, specializing in chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for pharmaceutical, agriculture, ceramics, metal treatment, and other industries. Jigs Chemical helps facilitate international customers to obtain chemicals from India, providing import and export assistance. Jigs Chemical’s product catalog includes over 40000 active pharmaceutical ingredients, commonly called APIs, their respective intermediates, and other chemicals.
DC Fine Chemicals S. L, founded in 2008 and located in Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain is a fine-chemical manufacturer. The company works as a manufacturer, supplier and distributor and caters to the pharmaceutical industries. It specializes in the production of antibiotics, biological buffers and stains, amino acids, carbohydrates and organic intermediates. The company has its own analytical lab and testing facilities, where ittests the quality of every product manufactured. With more than 3,000 products and a team of professional and knowledgeable scientists on board, the company is present in 40-plus countries worldwide.
BioCrick Co., Ltd is located in Chengdu Tianfu Life Science Park in Sichuan Province, China. The company creates a natural product library which provides small molecular compounds with potential biological and pharmacological activities for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology companies worldwide. The company’s database includes more than 8,000 compounds collected from natural sources such as as medicinal plants, herbs, fungus, and microbes. The company also a provider of peptides and lab reagents for biological research, carrying a product line in apoptosis, epigenetic, and cancer biology.
Chengdu Alfa Biotechnology Co., Ltd., founded in 2016 and based in Chengdu, Sichuan, is a supplier of phytochemical reference standards for regulatory filing and quality testing. The company offers different services, such as phytochemical reference standards from MG to G, plant extracts, and Chinese herbal medicine compounds and supplies to research institutes, universities, contract research organizations, and pharmaceutical and biotech companies worldwide. The company has around 3000 products in its inventory and does extraction, synthesis, and purification of chemicals.
Glentham Life Sciences is based in Corsham, United Kingdom. Glentham Life Sciences is a leading supplier of fine chemicals, raw materials, reagents, and life science products. Glenthem also offers a number of services including custom packaging, call-off orders, and safety documentation. Glentham’s product offerings include chemicals such as amino acids, antibiotics, APIs, biochemicals, buffers, carbohydrates, chitin, chitosan, detergents, dyes, stains, enzymes, inorganic, peptide reagents, phytochemical, raw materials, solvents, steroids, and vitamins among others.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
33.3%
|
| 2 | LobaChemie Pct.Ltd. |
16.7%
|
| 3 | BioCrick |
16.7%
|
| 4 | Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG |
16.7%
|
| 5 | Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. |
16.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the tyramine page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
5 | 27.8% |
|
China
|
3 | 16.7% |
|
United Kingdom
|
2 | 11.1% |
|
Switzerland
|
2 | 11.1% |
|
India
|
2 | 11.1% |
| United States | 1 | 5.6% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 5.6% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 5.6% |
|
Germany
|
1 | 5.6% |
