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This section provides an overview for chlorobenzene as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 13 chlorobenzene manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked chlorobenzene companies as of December, 2024: 1.Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., 2.Alfa Chemistry, 3.United States Biological.
Table of Contents
Chlorobenzene is an aromatic halide in which one hydrogen in the benzene ring is replaced by chlorine.
Formerly called chlorobenzol, the name is still used in some cases. Chlorobenzene usually refers to the monosubstituted form, monochlorobenzene.
Chlorobenzene is a colorless liquid that is used in a wide variety of applications as a raw material intermediate for many organic compounds. It is mainly available as a raw material for diphenyl ether and chloronitrobenzene. It is a hazardous material classified as Class 4 Petroleum No. 2 under the Fire Service Act.
Chlorobenzene is used as a raw material for organic compounds, pharmaceutical intermediates, and dye intermediates. Its reactivity in electrophilic substitution reactions is higher than that of benzene, making it useful as a raw material for many compounds.
Chlorobenzene was once used in large quantities as a raw material for DTT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane), an organochlorine insecticide. In Japan, chlorobenzene was also actively used as a quarantine agent against lice and other insects, but DTT is now banned as an environmental pollutant.
Chlorobenzene has a melting point of -45.2°C, a boiling point of 131°C, and a flash point of -19°C.
The half-lethal dose (LD50) is 2.9 g/kg, indicating low to moderate toxicity. The permissible exposure limit is 75 ppm (350 mg/m3) as an 8-hour weighted average for workers handling chlorobenzene.
Chlorobenzene is an aryl halide. It has a molecular weight of 112.56, a chemical formula of C6H5Cl, a density of 1.1066 at 20°C, and a refractive index (nD) of 1.525.
Chlorobenzene was first synthesized in 1851 by the reaction of phosphorus pentachloride and phenol; in 2014, chlorobenzene was reported to be present in Martian rocks.
It is now synthesized industrially by the substitution reaction of benzene with chlorine, using iron or iron chloride as a catalyst. As the chlorine substitution proceeds, dichlorobenzene may be produced, but it can be easily separated by cooling and recrystallization.
In the laboratory, it can be synthesized from aniline via benzenediazonium chloride using the Sandmeyer reaction. The Zandmeier reaction is a chemical reaction that uses copper salts as catalysts to obtain aryl halides from aromatic diazonium ions.
Nitration of chlorobenzene yields a mixture of 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 4-nitrochlorobenzene. These mononitrochlorobenzenes can be separated and used in nucleophilic substitution reactions for chloride, respectively. For example, from 2-nitro chlorobenzene, sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium disulfide, and ammonia convert to 2-nitrophenol, 2-nitroanisole, bis(2-nitrophenyl)disulfide, and 2-nitroaniline. 4-nitrochlorobenzene is also similarly available.
One method of synthesizing phenol is to heat chlorobenzene, obtained by chlorinating benzene, with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at high temperatures. In this reaction, sodium chloride is produced as a byproduct. However, the cumene process is often used for the industrial production of phenol.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
G.J. Chemical is a family-owned company based in Newark, New Jersey. G.J. Chemical serves chemical distributors, laboratories, and a variety of end users with high purity chemical products and custom services. G.J. Chemical capabilities include testing, bulk storage, custom blending, liquid bulk handling, and purifying. G.J. Chemical’s chemical products include reagents, acrylate monomers, hand sanitizers, and isopropyl alcohol. These are made to USP, FCC, Reagent ACS, military grade, and other standards.
United States Biological, located in Salem, Massachusetts, is a manufacturer and supplier of life science research products. Its product offerings include biochemicals, antibodies, and molecular biology kits. The company’s products are used in various fields such as genomic research, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical development. Products are available from affordable research quantities to larger bulk amounts for process development and production. Its customer base comprises pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies both in the US and overseas.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1948 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer of chemical reagents and chemical products, including commissioned synthesis of chemical products. Some of the products it makes include Sodium chloride solution, concentrated glycerin, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and nitric acid. The chemical products have a wide range of applications and can be used in pathological examination, as food additives, for analysis, and in the pharmaceutical industry. All its plants, including its research institute, are ISO4001 and ISO9001 certified, while its Saitama and Ibaraki plants are equipped with buildings that comply with GMP.
Kishida Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1924 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of reagents and high-purity chemicals and also does drug discovery support activities. Its product portfolio includes fine chemicals, research chemicals, ionic liquid, organic micro-analytical reagents, and chemical reagents for analysis. The products support several industries, including reagent business, battery material, drug discovery, and life science. The company is ISO 14001 certified and supplies several companies worldwide, including Meterion Advanced Chemicals Inc., Acros Organics, ChemBridge Corporation, Decon Laboratories, and InerBioScreen Ltd.
Alfa Chemistry, founded in the year 2015 is based in New York, USA as a biotechnology company and manufacturer of graphene materials. Their product portfolio includes graphene oxide, CVD graphene film, graphene modification services, graphene series, graphene-like material, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, upcoming nanoparticles, and graphene transfer services. The company also provides services in custom manufacturing, and graphene analysis with quality assurance. The products are used in various industries which include energy, digital electronics, environment, textile, coating, and biomedical science.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Lab Pro Inc. (LP) is an American manufacturer and distributor of laboratory equipment and supplies that was established in Sunnyvale, California in 1979. The company produces various chemical products including reagents, oxidizers, and acids, as well as personal protective equipment (PPE), microscopes, and laboratory hand tools. It also offers laboratory instrumentation and utensils such as refractometers, forceps, and pH meters. Aside from its products, LP also provides vendor-managed inventory and lab chiller leasing services for its clients in industrial research facilities, academic institutions, and R&D testing laboratories.
Noah Chemicals Corporation was founded in 1978 and is headquartered in San Antonio, Texas. The company is a distributor of advanced materials and specialty chemicals for industries such as aerospace, agriculture, nuclear, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The company’s product categories include inorganic, evaporate materials, intermediates, rare earths, and ceramics. The company’s services include trial burns to help customers protect the environment, custom fertilizer development to produce more environmentally efficient fertilizers, and custom clean in place chemicals for equipment sanitization.
Capitol Scientific, founded in 1963 and headquartered in Austin, Texas, is a distributor of scientific and technical products. The company specializes in supplying laboratory equipment, chemicals, and scientific supplies to various industries including academic research, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, and government agencies. Their product range includes reagent chemicals, photolithography materials, lab balances, and scales, circulating water baths, and lab glassware, among others. Capitol Scientific is an authorized distributor for over 300 brands, including JT Baker, EMD Millipore, 3M, Corning, Nalgene, and Wheaton.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
21.7%
|
| 2 | Alfa Chemistry |
11.7%
|
| 3 | United States Biological |
8.3%
|
| 4 | Noah Chemicals Corporation |
8.3%
|
| 5 | Capitol Scientific |
6.7%
|
| 6 | GJ Chemical |
6.7%
|
| 7 | Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd. |
6.7%
|
| 8 | MilliporeSigma |
6.7%
|
| 9 | Lab Pro Inc. |
5.0%
|
| 10 | Kishida Chemical Co.,Ltd. |
5.0%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the chlorobenzene page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
4 | 50.0% |
|
United States of America
|
3 | 37.5% |
| United States | 1 | 12.5% |
