This section provides an overview for hydroxybutyric acids as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 39 hydroxybutyric acid manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked hydroxybutyric acid companies as of November, 2024: 1.GLPBIO Technology LLC, 2.MedKoo Biosciences, Inc., 3.Shenzhen Sheng Shi Construction Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd..
Table of Contents
Hydroxybutyric acid is a derivative of a 4-carbon carboxylic acid with a hydroxy group. It has three linear isomers: α-hydroxybutyric acid (2-hydroxybutyric acid), β-hydroxybutyric acid (3-hydroxybutyric acid), and γ-hydroxybutyric acid (4-hydroxybutyric acid), each located at different positions on the carbon chain. All these isomers share the molecular formula C4H8O3 and have a molecular weight of 104.105.
α-Hydroxybutyric acid serves as a biomarker for diagnosing colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes. Elevated serum levels of this acid indicate impaired glucose tolerance.
β-Hydroxybutyric acid is a precursor for polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB), a biodegradable plastic material. It is derived from various microorganisms and is valuable in producing environmentally friendly plastics.
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid is used in treating narcolepsy and alcoholism and has been approved for therapeutic use in many European countries. Initially developed as an anesthetic, it is now regulated due to its potential for misuse.
α-Hydroxybutyric acid, a colorless solid with a melting point between 50-54 °C, is an intermediate in amino acid metabolism. It is linked to oxidative stress and produced in tissues, mainly in the liver, through the metabolism of threonine or biosynthesis of glutathione.
Oxidative stress increases glutathione biosynthesis in the liver, leading to a reduction in cysteine, the precursor of glutathione, and the byproduct α-hydroxybutyric acid.
β-Hydroxybutyric acid, like other ketone bodies such as acetoacetic acid and acetone, serves as an energy source for the brain and muscles during fasting or in diabetic ketosis.
It is also the monomer for polyhydroxybutyrate, a type of biodegradable polyester.
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid acts as a central nervous system depressant and can cause sleep and sex-enhancing effects. However, its overdose may lead to seizures and disorientation.
α-Hydroxybutyric acid has a hydroxy group on the α-carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group. It has a chiral carbon atom, existing in two stereoisomers: D- and L-forms.
β-Hydroxybutyric acid, often mistaken as a ketone, actually lacks a ketone group. It has a hydroxy group on the β-carbon. It also has chiral carbon and exists as D- and L-forms, but physiologically, only the D-form is present.
γ-Hydroxybutyric acid has a hydroxy group on the γ-carbon from the carbonyl group. It is naturally found in foods like wine, beef, and citrus fruits.
Besides linear isomers, hydroxybutyric acid also has branched isomers, such as 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid.
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is formed from the hydrolysis of 3-hydroxybutyryl CoA to 2-hydroxyisobutyryl CoA. It's a precursor to ethyl methacrylate, an important industrial monomer, produced by dehydrating its ethyl ester with phosphorus pentachloride.
3-Hydroxyisobutyric acid, a metabolic intermediate of valine, has two optical isomers: D- and L-3-hydroxyisobutyric acid due to its asymmetric carbon atom.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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ChemScence, LLC., established in 2006, is an American manufacturer based in Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, specializing in building blocks and fine research chemicals. The company offers approximately 45,000 building blocks and intermediates, as well as thin layer chromatography, screening libraries, bioactive small molecules, and isotope compounds. ChemScence also provides dye and biochemical assay reagents, peptides, and natural products like glycosides, and steroids. Catering to a diverse clientele including universities, research institutions, as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, ChemScence extends its services to include custom chemistry solutions. Furthermore, the company offers technical expertise in the domain of new drug development.
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKS) is an American advanced intermediates and fine chemicals manufacturer that was established in Union City, California in 1997. The company’s product lineup includes chemical biocides, bioactives, inhibitors, and reagents. It also offers a range of products for use in life science applications, such as screening compounds, organoborons, and molecular fluorophores. These are extensively used in agrochemicals, biotech, pharmaceuticals, and nanotechnology. Aside from its products, AKS also offers international procurement and sourcing services to its clients, which include AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Cayman Chemical Company is a manufacturer of life science research products founded in 1979 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. They offer a diverse array of analytical standards, reagents, and other products for research in cancer, oxidative injury, epigenetics, neuroscience, inflammation, as well as metabolism, and other areas. The company supplies small molecules, biochemicals, assay kits, antibodies, and proteins to research scientists across academic, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical institutions. Cayman Chemical Company holds dual accreditations to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016 by ANAB Accreditation Services.
Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., established in 1991 and headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is an American manufacturer and supplier specializing in biological products for medical research. Initially providing antibodies to the research community, they expanded their offerings to include gene silencers like siRNA and shRNA (plasmid and lentiviral), targeting all known mouse and human genes. Over time, Santa Cruz Biotechnology provides over 175,000 research biochemicals under the brand ChemCruz, including protein-interacting inhibitors, substrates, and activators, tailored for studying protein functions. The company offers monoclonal primary antibodies, designed for various mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets, along with corresponding binding secondary antibodies.
GlpBio Technology, established in 2016 and headquartered in Montclair, California, is a supplier of life science products covering 20 popular research fields, including epigenetics, neuroscience, and cancer. Its product portfolio has over 20,000 life science reagents, including biochemicals, tag peptides, bioactive peptides, amino acids, and nature products. Its main clients include clinical diagnostic laboratories, government agencies, research institutes, universities, and pharmaceutical companies. The company regularly increases its products to meet the latest research needs and provides custom organic synthesis and analytical services.
BioVision Inc., established in 1999 and based in Waltham, Massachusetts, is a manufacturer and supplier of life science research products. The company is a part of the Abcam company. The company provides various biochemicals, assay kits, and research reagents. These products are used in research fields such as autophagy, cell damage and oxidative stress, food science, signal transduction, and drug metabolism and disposition. Its products are essential tools for scientists and researchers worldwide, aiding in advancing medical and biological sciences. The company adheres to ISO 13485 standards, ensuring its quality management systems in producing research products for life sciences.
Ambeed, established in 2015 and headquartered in Arlington Heights, Illinois, is a manufacturer and supplier of catalog products, including inhibitors, natural products, nucleotides, building blocks, and amino acids. The company mainly specializes in organoboron, metal catalysts, heterocyclic building blocks, and materials science-related products. Its catalog has more than 100,000 in-stock products, increasing monthly. As of 2019, the company’s R&D center had developed five product lines with over 600,000 products. The company provides pre-sale and after-sale services and works with distributors from several countries, including India, Pakistan, Egypt, Poland, and Brazil.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
Parchem was founded in 1999 and headquartered in Rochelle, New York. Parchem is a distributor of industrial chemicals. Parchem serves nutritional, personal care, pharmaceutical, and specialty chemical industries. Parchem offerings include coatings, adhesives, elastomers, industrial products, petrochemicals, oleochemicals, plastics, rubber, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, consumer products, catalysts, metallic salts, rare earths, flavors & fragrances, industrial & institutional, textiles, other food-related chemicals, dyes, finishes, chemicals for aerospace, oil gas drilling chemicals, electronics, and pharmaceuticals.
Advanced ChemBlocks Inc. 2010 in San Francisco Bay, USA, is a supplier of building blocks, bioreference products and synthesized molecules. It supplies over 80,000 chemical products such as azetidine, bicyclic ring, cyclobutane, and indazole. The company also provides custom synthesis services for contaminants, reference compounds, small molecules, pharmaceutical metabolites, and fine chemicals. Besides that, it offers scale-up and manufacturing services such as developing new APIs and intermediates and optimizing synthetic routes.
MedKoo Biosciences, Inc., founded in the United States, is a biochemical reagent supplier, specializing in lab-use small molecule drugs. The company's product portfolio includes Reagent-Grade Compounds, Research-Grade Compounds, Custom Synthesis, Organic and Inorganic Compounds, and High-Purity Solvents and Reagents. Its products are used by research scientists across academic, biotechnology, biomedical, and pharmaceutical institutions. It also provides services such as Custom Material Development, Technical Consultation, Assay Development and Optimization, and Custom Reagent Kit Design and Production.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
CPAChem Ltd, founded in 2001 and based in Bogomilovo, Bulgaria, is a manufacturer of organic and inorganic custom-made certified reference materials as well as pharmacopoeia products and Analytical CRMs. With the capability to produce more than 200 different products daily, it stands as the sole global producer offering products in accordance with seven different pharmacopoeias, including the Japanese, Indian, and British pharmacopoeias. The company boasts a catalog of over 9,000 stock products, serving clients such as Carlo Erba, Fisher, and VWR. It holds ISO 9001 certification and has achieved accreditation in ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 17034.
Alfa Chemistry, founded in the year 2015 is based in New York, USA as a biotechnology company and manufacturer of graphene materials. Their product portfolio includes graphene oxide, CVD graphene film, graphene modification services, graphene series, graphene-like material, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, upcoming nanoparticles, and graphene transfer services. The company also provides services in custom manufacturing, and graphene analysis with quality assurance. The products are used in various industries which include energy, digital electronics, environment, textile, coating, and biomedical science.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
Arran Chemical Company Ltd. is a manufacturer of products for specialized chemical and industrial applications, founded in 1984 and headquartered in Roscommon, Ireland. The company offers specialized reaction technology, including organometallic synthesis, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, and various operations required for chiral compound synthesis. Its product line consists of pharmaceutical intermediates, flavor and fragrances, personal care products, and chiral amino acids. The company holds ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 14001:2015 certifications. It is part of the Almac Group, a global pharmaceutical and contract development and manufacturing organization.
Chemodex Ltd., established in 2001 and based in St. Gallen, Switzerland, is a manufacturer of fine chemicals, covering different fields such as reagents for life sciences, bioactive molecules, and organic pollutants. The company offers a range of products including fluorescent substances derived from fluorophores such as coumarin, rhodamine, and pyrene. These products are typically used as probes, stains, and in other applications by life-science researchers in academia, biotechnology, and the pharmaceutical industry. Its customer base includes small and medium businesses, large enterprises, as well as academic institutions.
BLDpharm was founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai, China is a manufacturer and supplier of various research chemicals. The company offers a wide range of laboratory chemicals including heterocycles, boron acids, amino acids, metal catalysts, and chiral compounds. These quality products find an array of applications as inhibitors for metabolic enzymes, pharmaceutical intermediates for antipsychotic drugs, catalysts for chiral resolving reagents, and material science for OLED material and synthesis intermediates.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
HPC Standards GmbH, established in 1996, is a manufacturer and distributor of high-purity analytical standards for residue analysis, located in Germany. The company specializes in the manufacture of reference materials for pesticides, veterinary products, and their metabolites and stable isotope-labelled derivatives. They are ISO 9001 certified and accredited according to ISO 17034. Their products are tested according to international quality requirements and meet the highest industrial standards. They serve as a competent partner in the fields of food and environmental analysis with a wide range of products, including dyes, food-related chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polymer additives.
Biomol GmbH, founded in 1968 and headquartered in Heidelberg, Germany, is a manufacturer, supplier, and distributor of life science products for the biomedical research domain. The company's range of products includes primary antibodies that originate from different host species such as mouse, rabbit or goat, dyes and labeling reagents, qPCR gene family primers, as well as virus-based tools used to manipulate genetic material and study viral infections. These scientific resources find applications across various disciplines, including molecular biology, academic research of drug development, pharmaceutical development of antibodies, and clinical diagnostics of viral infections.
Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, established in 1879 and headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany, is a manufacturer, distributor, and supplier of laboratory equipment, life science products, and chemicals. Their extensive product range encompasses analytical instruments, biological safety cabinets, heating mantles, pH meters, centrifuges, thermometers, and various chemicals. Their products support and facilitate laboratory research, analysis, and experimentation across various industries such as pharmaceutical, chemical, and environmental sectors. The company is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 and DIN EN ISO 14001:2015.
ALADDIN is a manufacturer and supplier of research and development reagents that was established in Shanghai, China, in 2009. Its biochemical reagents are used in the life sciences, materials science, and chemistry fields. The company manufactures drug target ligands, antibodies, and proteins as well. It also supplies testing services and laboratory equipment for high-end users. It works in technological, biological, and scientific, research too. Its inventory is used in the biological science and analytical chemistry industries.
Knowledge Research S.A., located in Agia Paraskevi, established in the year 2000, is a producer and distributor of educational materials. The educational resources produced by the company are crafted to facilitate the teaching and learning of critical subjects in primary, secondary, technological, and higher education. The company offers various materials, from special education resources to stationary, handcrafts, and drawing equipment, as well as physics, chemistry, biology, environmental, and earth sciences materials, supplying its products to wholesalers and educators.
SynThink Research Chemicals, based in Pune, India, is a supplier of pharmaceutical research products to pharmaceutical and biotech companies as well as R&D labs at various research institutes and organizations. The company provides pharmaceutical reference standards, API impurities, metabolites, intermediates, building blocks and other research chemicals. It also provides custom synthesis services and contract research and development (CRO) services in the area of organic, pharmaceutical, and medicinal chemistry. The company offers custom packaging and worldwide shipping of in-stock products within 24 hours.
Glentham Life Sciences is based in Corsham, United Kingdom. Glentham Life Sciences is a leading supplier of fine chemicals, raw materials, reagents, and life science products. Glenthem also offers a number of services including custom packaging, call-off orders, and safety documentation. Glentham’s product offerings include chemicals such as amino acids, antibiotics, APIs, biochemicals, buffers, carbohydrates, chitin, chitosan, detergents, dyes, stains, enzymes, inorganic, peptide reagents, phytochemical, raw materials, solvents, steroids, and vitamins among others.
Watson International Limited, founded in 1996, and headquartered in London, England, is a professional fine chemical supplier. The company is capable in the development of both natural and unnatural amino acids, along with amino alcohols. Additionally, it offers custom synthesis services for carbohydrates, including carbohydrate-based intermediates, carbohydrate-based drugs, and glycosidase substrates. As the business department of the FCAD Group, the company serves as a crucial intermediary between research and development (R&D), production, and market demand. Leveraging the research and development capacity of FCAD, it caters to several industries, including pharmaceuticals, healthcare, electronics, and personal care.
Echemi Digital Technology Co. Ltd., started in 2015 and based in Hong Kong, China, is a supplier of chemical raw materials through its B2B digital commerce platform. The company sells products such as propylene carbonate, adipic acid, and oseltamivir phosphate and serves over 100,000 buyers and over 20,000 suppliers in more than 190 countries worldwide. It also provides price and market analysis of over 500 raw materials per week in the areas of coatings, fine chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. It also covers food and nutrition and was ranked 55th in the 2022 ICIS top 100 chemical distributors.
AbMole BioScience, headquartered in Houston, Texas, USA, is a supplier of high-purity life science reagents. The company specializes in kinase inhibitors tailored for laboratory research. Its extensive product range also encompasses of recombinant proteins, organoid molecules, fluorescent dyes, and compound libraries, catering to a diverse spectrum of life science research areas. It holds a collection of over 8,000 inhibitors targeting a range of key proteins such as HDAC, PI3K, and apoptosis regulators.
Carbanio, established in 2015 and based in Hyderabad, India, is a supplier of chemicals. The company procures and sells products such as active pharmaceutical ingredients, API impurities, additives, petrochemicals, and organic solvents. There are around 1.7 M products available with this company, all of which are CAS-registered. The company also buys and sells chemicals to various industries such as laboratories, pharma, and other industries. Apart from this, the company also sells flavors and fragrances, organometallic compounds, and lithium reagents.
Ranking as of November 2024
Derivation MethodRank | Company | Click Share |
---|---|---|
1 | GLPBIO Technology LLC |
8.7%
|
2 | MedKoo Biosciences, Inc. |
6.5%
|
3 | Shenzhen Sheng Shi Construction Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd. |
6.5%
|
4 | BioVision Inc. |
6.5%
|
5 | Biomol GmbH |
6.5%
|
6 | ChemScence |
6.5%
|
7 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. |
6.5%
|
8 | CPAChem |
4.3%
|
9 | HPC Standards GmbH |
4.3%
|
10 | Parchem |
4.3%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the hydroxybutyric acid page as of November 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
---|---|---|
United States of America | 12 | 40.0% |
Switzerland | 3 | 10.0% |
Germany | 3 | 10.0% |
Japan | 2 | 6.7% |
India | 2 | 6.7% |
Canada | 1 | 3.3% |
Bulgaria | 1 | 3.3% |
United States | 1 | 3.3% |
Ireland | 1 | 3.3% |
China | 1 | 3.3% |
Spain | 1 | 3.3% |
Greece | 1 | 3.3% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 3.3% |