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This section provides an overview for tetrazoles as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 22 tetrazole manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked tetrazole companies as of December, 2024: 1.Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., 2.Toronto Research Chemicals, 3.Molekula Americas LLC.
Table of Contents
Tetrazole is a heterocyclic aromatic compound with the molecular formula CH2N4. It has a molecular weight of 70.05 and appears as white, plate-like crystals.
This five-membered ring compound, known as an azole when containing nitrogen in the ring, is termed 'tetrazole' due to the prefix 'tetra' indicating four nitrogen atoms in its structure. It satisfies the Hückel rule, exhibiting aromatic compound properties.
Tetrazole exists in tautomeric forms as 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole and 2H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole. These isomers are indistinguishable in solution.
The tetrazole derivative, 5-aminotetrazole, releases significant amounts of nitrogen gas upon heating or impact. Leveraging this property, it's utilized as a gas-generating agent in automotive airbag systems, offering a safer alternative to sodium azide gas generators.
Tetrazole is employed in electronic materials for etching applications, a surface processing technique involving chemical corrosion.
It aids in forming printed circuit boards and semiconductor circuits by etching away insoluble portions from copper foil on substrates. Tetrazole derivatives in etching solutions for silver help prevent excessive etching.
Known for its high lipid solubility and acidity akin to carboxylic acids, tetrazole is used in drug design. Its incorporation into cephem antibiotics and sartan antihypertensives aims to enhance drug bioavailability in lipid-rich biological cells.
Additionally, tetrazole plays a role in nucleic acid drug development, particularly in phosphoramidite synthesis for nucleic acid coupling reactions.
Tetrazole has a melting point of 89-91 °C and a boiling point of 156-158 °C. It is a white, plate-like crystal that can sublimate.
Soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and acetic acid, but insoluble in ether and benzene, tetrazole's hydrogen atoms attached to nitrogen can easily release protons, rendering aqueous solutions acidic. Its metal salts, formed by metal substitution, are explosive when heated or subjected to strong impact.
The proton at the nitrogen atom's position 1 has a pKa of 8.2, as acidic as a carboxylic acid, making it a functional equivalent in certain applications.
Tetrazole may explode under heat or shock.
Tetrazole is synthesized by reacting hydrogen cyanide (HCN) with hydrogen azide (HN3). Its derivatives are obtained through cycloaddition reactions between nitriles and azide derivatives.
Storage requires moisture and heat avoidance, with inert gas preservation. It should be kept away from ignition sources and handled carefully to prevent explosion risks.
Protective gloves and eye gear are recommended due to potential skin and eye irritation. In case of contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
FujiFilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, founded in 1922 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents. The company has three business domains, namely laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents, and some of its products include biochemistry reagents, blood transfusion test drugs, battery materials, polymer-related materials, and general reagents. The products are useful in various fields, including electronic, cosmetic, polymeric, pharmaceutical, and medical care. It acquired Sibayagi Co. Ltd. in 2015 and provides custom manufacturing to meet customer requirements.
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai-based manufacturer and supplier of laboratory and fine chemicals, catering to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, research, hospitals, and universities since its establishment in 1975. Their product range includes pH indicators, biological stains, HPLC solvents, high purity acids, and tetrazolium salts and derivatives. These products serve various applications like pH testing, cell and tissue staining, chemical separation, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The company has several certifications, such as ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 9001:2015.
Hangzhou Dayangchem Co.Limited is a manufacturer and supplier of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates, headquartered in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. Its product range covers organic compounds, Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), nutritional products, and custom synthesis. Some of its products are heterocyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, boronic acids, amino acids, and organometallic compounds. These products are used for developing various drugs, agrochemicals, dyes, flavors, and fragrances for different markets such as pharmaceutical, biotechnology, cosmetic, and food industries. The company holds ISO 9001:2008 certification for its quality management system.
Hefei Home Sunshine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, established in 2013 and headquartered in Hefei City, China, is a manufacturer specializing in both standard and custom chemical synthesis. With manufacturing facilities in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia, Home Sunshine Pharma offers a range of products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, fine chemicals, coenzymes, and nucleotides. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, Home Sunshine Pharma serves research institutions, universities, and industries in Europe, America, and Southeast Asia with their chemical products.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., established in 1975, is an Indian manufacturer and supplier of chemicals, biochemicals, and reagents, headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. Supported by Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved manufacturing facilities, the company offers a range of products, including general laboratory chemicals and solvents, biochemical, bioreagents, and specialty fine chemicals. Their offerings also include animal cell culture, BioLit™ range of DNA and protein tools, and nanotechnology products. Additionally, SRL provides dehydrated culture media, biological ingredients, media supplements, chromogenic media, and media kits. These products serve diverse industries such as biotechnology, confectionary and food, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and protein purification.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Henan Tianfu Chemical Co., Ltd., founded in 2009, is a Chinese chemical manufacturer and supplier based in Zhengzhou, Henan. The company has developed over 500 compounds, mostly for fine applications in manufacturing and life science. Their product range includes electronic chemicals, ultraviolet (UV)-curing materials, ionic liquids, and pharmaceutical materials. Additionally, Henan Tianfu has expanded into the fine chemical market, offering noble metal catalysts, organic phosphine ligands, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) intermediates. They are also involved in the development of pesticides and medical intermediates, as well as the analysis and synthesis of electronic chemical materials.
Avantor was founded in 1904 and is headquartered in Radnor, Pennsylvania, as a supplier of lab and production services such as general and technical lab services, production, and business process consulting services. The company offers various clinical services, including customized kitting solutions, clinical trial equipment, and ancillary services. The organization is regarded as a dependable global partner for customers and suppliers in the life sciences, advanced technologies, and applied materials industries, spanning from initial discovery to final delivery.
Fengchen Group Co., LTD is based in Qingdao, China. The company is a manufacturer and supplier of speciality chemicals for several industries around the world including natural resources, hydrogeology, drilling, geophysics, and environmental & geotechnical services. The company’s chemical product categories include APIs, amino acids, micronutrients, package materials, and enzymes. The company also offers services including specialized transportation, samples of compounds, shipping documents needed for pharmaceutical products, and international customs support.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
BLDpharm was founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai, China is a manufacturer and supplier of various research chemicals. The company offers a wide range of laboratory chemicals including heterocycles, boron acids, amino acids, metal catalysts, and chiral compounds. These quality products find an array of applications as inhibitors for metabolic enzymes, pharmaceutical intermediates for antipsychotic drugs, catalysts for chiral resolving reagents, and material science for OLED material and synthesis intermediates.
Boron Molecular is a manufacturer and supplier of specialty chemicals such as agents, energy storage compounds, monomers and polymers. It was established in 2001 and is headquartered in Noble Park, Victoria, Australia. The company produces a wide range of specialty chemicals, including boron compounds, boronic acids, and organic building blocks. Its products, such as B2O3, H3BO3, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) borate, 1,2-dihydroxy borate, and Yb3+-doped YAG laser crystal, are used by a number of industries, as diverse as pharmaceutical, chemical, and materials industries. Boron Molecular also provides a range of services, including custom synthesis, formulation, packaging, and logistics.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Jigs Chemical was established in 1998 and is based in India with global offices in the USA, UK, Canada, and Australia. Jigs Chemical is a manufacturer, distributor, and marketing & sales provider for organizations in India, specializing in chemicals and active pharmaceutical ingredients for pharmaceutical, agriculture, ceramics, metal treatment, and other industries. Jigs Chemical helps facilitate international customers to obtain chemicals from India, providing import and export assistance. Jigs Chemical’s product catalog includes over 40000 active pharmaceutical ingredients, commonly called APIs, their respective intermediates, and other chemicals.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
APExBIO Technology LLC is a distributor and supplier of molecular biology tools based in Houston, Texas, United States. The company's product portofolio includes various products such as small molecule inhibitors, compound libraries, fluorescent labels, modified nucleotides, and assay kits. The products are used in various areas such as cancer, immunology, neurosciences, apoptosis, and epigenetics researches. The company offers various supporting services such as analytical services, custom organic synthesis, custom peptide synthesis, and bioinformatics services.
HAZMAT Resource, Inc., located in Irvine, California, USA, is a distributor of hazardous materials response equipment and materials. They specialize in personal protective equipment (PPE), testing devices, and technical reference materials for hazardous materials (hazmat) response. Their product range includes PPE such as suits, gloves, boots, and respirators to safeguard hazmat responders from dangerous substances. They offer various testing devices like meters, detectors, and kits for precise identification and measurement of hazardous materials. Additionally, the company provides technical reference materials like books, manuals, and software, equipping responders with essential knowledge on hazardous material properties and safe handling procedures.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. |
50.0%
|
| 2 | Toronto Research Chemicals |
16.7%
|
| 3 | Molekula Americas LLC |
16.7%
|
| 4 | MilliporeSigma |
16.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the tetrazole page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
4 | 33.3% |
|
Japan
|
2 | 16.7% |
|
China
|
2 | 16.7% |
|
Switzerland
|
2 | 16.7% |
|
United States of America
|
1 | 8.3% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 8.3% |
