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This section provides an overview for isovaleric acids as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 19 isovaleric acid manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked isovaleric acid companies as of December, 2024: 1.BEANTOWN CHEMICAL, 2.Pharmaffiliates, 3.LGC Standards.
Table of Contents
Figure 1. Basic information on isovaleric acids
Isovaleric acids are isomeric forms of valeric acid, an organic acid with the chemical formula C5H10O2.
It is also called 3-methylbutanoic acid. It has a pungent odor with an unpleasant sensation and is regulated as a specified malodorous substance under the Malodor Prevention Law. The ester of isovaleric acids, however, has a pleasant aroma.
Naturally, isovaleric acid is found in essential oils of plants such as cypress, geranium, rosemary, and lemongrass, as well as in fruits such as apples and grapes.
Isovaleric acids are a malodorous component of body odor, etc. Isovaleric acid ester has a pleasant aroma and is used as a flavoring component in non-alcoholic beverages and foods such as ice cream, baked goods, and cheese. It can also be used as a flavoring ingredient in perfumes.
Isovaleric acids are also widely used as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of sedatives and other pharmaceuticals.
Additionally, it is used as an extractant of mercaptan from petroleum hydrocarbons, as a vinyl stabilizer, and as an intermediate in the manufacture of plasticizers and synthetic lubricants.
Isovaleric acids have a melting point of -29°C and a boiling point of 175-177°C. It is slightly soluble in water and dissolves well in many organic solvents.
Isovaleric acids are volatile. It is a liquid with an acidic, unpleasant, rancid cheese-like odor and is a causative agent of odors such as sweat, foot odor, and age-related odors.
Isovaleric acids have a molar mass of 102.13 g/mol and a density of 0.925 g/cm3. The specific formula is expressed as (CH3)2CHCH2CO2H. It is present at physiological pH in biological systems in the form of (CH3)2CHCH2COO-, the isovaleric acid ion.
Isovaleric acids are isomers of the branched structure of Yoshric Acid. Pivalic acid and hydroangelic acid also exist as structural isomers. Pivalic acid is also called pivalic acid trimethylacetic acid and neopentanoic acid.
Figure 2. Synthesis of isovaleric acids
Isovaleric acids are a trace constituent of Valerian and are named isovaleric acids. The dried roots of Valerian have been used medicinally since ancient times, and research into isovaleric acids first began in the 19th century with the oxidation of components of fusel oil (Fusel alcohol) containing amyl alcohol.
Industrially, isovaleraldehyde is formed by the hydroformylation of isobutylene, which is oxidized to yield isovaleric acids.
Figure 3. Reaction of Isovaleric Acids
In general, isovaleric acids react as carboxylic acids to form amides, esters, anhydrides, and chloride derivatives. Acid chlorides are widely used as synthetic intermediates.
Fermentation of isovaleric acid by the fungus Galactomyces reessii yields 3-hydroxyisovaleric acids. Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate is another name for 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid.
Isovaleric acid is a linear carboxylic acid, a colorless liquid with the specific formula CH3(CH2)3COOH. It has a density of 0.94 g/cm3, a melting point of -34.5°C, and a boiling point of 186-187°C. It is the lowest molecular weight carboxylic acid soluble in non-polar solvents rather than polar solvents. It is a weak acid with a pKa of 4.82 and is corrosive to the human body.
Pivalic acid is a carboxylic acid with a tert-butyl group. It has a density of 0.905 g/cm3, a melting point of 35.5°C, and a boiling point of 163.8°C. It is a colorless liquid or white crystal with a pungent odor. pKa is 5.01 and the aqueous solution is slightly acidic.
The specific formula of hydroangelical acid is C2H5(CH3)CHCOOH. Hydroangelical acid has mirror isomers. It has a density of 0.94 g/cm3, a melting point of -90°C, and a boiling point of 176°C.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Vigon International is headquartered in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, and is a subsidiary of Azelis. The company is a custom manufacturer of fragrances and flavor products used in cosmetics, food processing, and related industries. The company’s compounds originate from dozens of fruits, herbs, and spices grown in regions as diverse as California, Germany, Brazil, and Indonesia. The company’s custom processing capabilities include adding reaction flavors such as Maillard in batches from 1 to 5,000kg, vacuum distillations, essential oil folding and concentration, and emulsion production.
MedChemExpress (MCE), is headquartered in Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, and is a supplier of research chemicals and biochemicals for laboratory and scientific use. The company’s product range includes biochemical assay reagents, isotope-labeled compounds, inhibitory antibodies, recombinant proteins, and fluorescent dyes. These products are used in various biopharmaceutical research and development fields, including areas such as infection, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. The company is ISO 19001 certified and provides testing services within the ISO 17025 framework, offering bulk and custom product services and support for metrological traceability.
BeanTown Chemical, an American company founded in 2013 and headquartered in Hudson, New Hampshire, is a manufacturer, distributor and supplier of specialty chemicals. The company's product portfolio includes analytical products, inorganic products, organic products, organometallic products, and rare-earth compounds. These products find applications in various industries, including the pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry, government institutions, academia, and research and development (R&D). The company also provides customer services, including a product catalog, custom synthesis, tailored solutions, and special packaging.
LGC Standards Ltd., established in 1842, is a global British manufacturer and supplier of reference standards, headquartered in Teddington, Middlesex, with offices in 20 countries worldwide. As a subsidiary of LGC Group, the United Kingdom’s National Measurement Institute, LGC Standards also serves as the Government Chemist, providing expert opinions based on independent chemical and bioanalytical measurements. Under the business unit LGC Industrial, the company offers industrial measurement tools. Additionally, their subsidiaries, including Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (TRC) of Canada, LGC Mikromol™, and Dr. Ehrenstorfer™ of Germany, develop research tools, standards for pharmaceutical quality control, and reference materials for food and environmental analysis.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1948 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer of chemical reagents and chemical products, including commissioned synthesis of chemical products. Some of the products it makes include Sodium chloride solution, concentrated glycerin, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and nitric acid. The chemical products have a wide range of applications and can be used in pathological examination, as food additives, for analysis, and in the pharmaceutical industry. All its plants, including its research institute, are ISO4001 and ISO9001 certified, while its Saitama and Ibaraki plants are equipped with buildings that comply with GMP.
Kishida Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1924 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of reagents and high-purity chemicals and also does drug discovery support activities. Its product portfolio includes fine chemicals, research chemicals, ionic liquid, organic micro-analytical reagents, and chemical reagents for analysis. The products support several industries, including reagent business, battery material, drug discovery, and life science. The company is ISO 14001 certified and supplies several companies worldwide, including Meterion Advanced Chemicals Inc., Acros Organics, ChemBridge Corporation, Decon Laboratories, and InerBioScreen Ltd.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Perstorp, founded in 1881 by Wilhelm Wendt, is a manufacturer of specialty chemicals including resins & coatings, synthetic lubricants & engineered fluids, and animal nutrition products headquartered in Malmo, Sweden. They offer various animal health products including feed hygiene, mycotoxin management, mold inhibition, gut health, and silage preservation chemicals. They also produce advanced materials such as PVC plasticizers, performance polymer additives, PVB films, 3D printing materials, and thin-wall packaging chemicals. Their products are used in agriculture, automotive, power transmission, aviation, and metalworking applications.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Fisher Scientific UK Ltd is a supplier of laboratory chemicals, equipment, and services based in Loughborough, United Kingdom, operating as a subsidiary of Thermo Fisher Scientific, a merger of Fisher Scientific International, Inc. and Thermo Electron in 2006. With a portfolio of over 2 million products, Fisher Scientific offers chemicals, reagents, equipment and instruments, consumables, and safety products. These products cater to various sectors, including clinical diagnostic and research laboratories, pharmaceutical and biotech industries, healthcare, and government agencies. Fisher Scientific also provides business solutions like the New-Lab Start-Up program, as well as SureTRACE and SureTRACE+ for product knowledge and supply chain management.
HAZMAT Resource, Inc., located in Irvine, California, USA, is a distributor of hazardous materials response equipment and materials. They specialize in personal protective equipment (PPE), testing devices, and technical reference materials for hazardous materials (hazmat) response. Their product range includes PPE such as suits, gloves, boots, and respirators to safeguard hazmat responders from dangerous substances. They offer various testing devices like meters, detectors, and kits for precise identification and measurement of hazardous materials. Additionally, the company provides technical reference materials like books, manuals, and software, equipping responders with essential knowledge on hazardous material properties and safe handling procedures.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BEANTOWN CHEMICAL |
21.4%
|
| 2 | Pharmaffiliates |
7.1%
|
| 3 | LGC Standards |
7.1%
|
| 4 | Toronto Research Chemicals |
7.1%
|
| 5 | Vigon International |
7.1%
|
| 6 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
7.1%
|
| 7 | Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. |
7.1%
|
| 8 | MedChemExpress |
7.1%
|
| 9 | Junsei Chemical Co.,Ltd. |
7.1%
|
| 10 | Kishida Chemical Co.,Ltd. |
7.1%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the isovaleric acid page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
5 | 33.3% |
|
United States of America
|
4 | 26.7% |
|
United Kingdom
|
3 | 20.0% |
|
India
|
2 | 13.3% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 6.7% |
