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This section provides an overview for phenylenediamine as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 12 phenylenediamine manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked phenylenediamine companies as of December, 2024: 1.Ennore India Chemicals, 2.Amino-Chem Co., Ltd., 3.Vizag Chemical International.
Table of Contents
Phenylenediamine is an organic compound with two amino groups attached to the benzene ring.
It is represented by the formula C6H4(NH2)2 and has a molecular weight of 108.1. There are three types of positional isomers, depending on the position of the substituent.
The three specific compounds are o-phenylenediamine (1,2-phenylenediamine), m-phenylenediamine (1,3-phenylenediamine), and p-phenylenediamine (1,4-phenylenediamine). Diaminobenzene is also used in some cases.
The CAS registration numbers are 95-54-5 for o-phenylenediamine, 108-45-2 for m-phenylenediamine, and 106-50-3 for p-phenylenediamine.
o-phenylenediamine is used as a synthetic precursor for organic compounds, especially heterocyclic compounds. In biochemistry, o-phenylenediamine is used as a coloring reagent in ELISA and other assays in the form of its dihydrochloride salt, taking advantage of its ability to emit fluorescence with an absorption maximum around 492 nm when reacted with peroxidase. In complex chemistry, it is used as an important ligand.
m-phenylenediamine is used in the preparation of a variety of polymers, such as aramid fibers, epoxy resins, wire enamel coatings, and polyurea elastomers. Other applications include adhesive promoters and dyes for leather and textiles.
Applications of p-phenylenediamine include polymer materials such as precursors for aramid fibers and plastics, hair dyes, and antioxidants for rubber products. However, since it can cause contact dermatitis as an allergenic substance, other compounds have been used in recent years in many situations regarding hair dyes.
o-phenylenediamine, as the name "ortho" phenylenediamine implies, is a compound in which the first and second positions of the benzene ring are replaced by amino groups. It has a melting point of 102-104°C, a boiling point of 252°C, a density of 1.031 g/cm3, and is a white or brown powder at room temperature.
As the name "meta" phenylenediamine suggests, m-phenylenediamine is a compound in which the 1- and 3-positions of the benzene ring are replaced by amino groups. It has a melting point of 64-66°C, a boiling point of 282-284°C, a density of 1.14 g/cm3, and is a light gray flaky solid at room temperature.
Synthetically, it can be obtained by nitration of benzene to obtain 1,3-dinitrobenzene, followed by hydrogenation reduction.
As the name "para" phenylenediamine suggests, p-phenylenediamine is a compound in which the 1- and 4-positions of the benzene ring are replaced by amino groups. It has a melting point of 145-147°C, a boiling point of 267°C, and a density of 0.72 g/cm3. It is a white solid at room temperature, but turns dark upon air oxidation.
Other methods used industrially are the conversion of aniline to diphenyltriazine to obtain 4-aminoazobenzene by acid catalysis, followed by hydrogenation to obtain p-phenylenediamine.
As noted in the introduction, there are three types of positional isomers of phenylenediamine. All compounds are commonly sold as reagent products for research and development; they are available in different volumes such as 5g, 25g, 100g, and 500g and are reagents that may be handled at room temperature or stored under refrigeration.
Phenylenediamine is also sold as a dye product because of its use as a hair color dye intermediate.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Ennore India Chemicals, established in 1995, and based in Tamil Nadu, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of industrial chemicals and cleaning solutions. The company serves various industries, including wastewater treatment, marine, power generation, and oil and gas. Ennore India Chemicals also provides fuel additives, corrosion inhibitors, descaling chemicals, chemicals for boiler water treatment, as well as chemicals for cooling towers. Their ISO 9001:2015 certification guarantees quality goods and environmentally friendly practices.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Vizag Chemical International was founded in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2011. Vizag Chemical International sells chemical-based products for many sectors including automotive, agriculture, airline, deodorizers, construction chemicals, boat maintenance, degreasers, detergents, drain clean products, greases, personal hygiene, lab chemicals and equipment, fuel treatment, metal treatment, tank cleaners, swimming pool and spa chemicals, scale removers, sewage chemical treatment, as well as raw chemicals. Vizag Chemical International also provides a range of services including chemical inspection, logistics, chemical usage supervision, as well as tank cleaning.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ennore India Chemicals |
17.0%
|
| 2 | Amino-Chem Co., Ltd. |
15.9%
|
| 3 | Vizag Chemical International |
12.5%
|
| 4 | Merck |
12.5%
|
| 5 | Oman Chemical |
8.0%
|
| 6 | Jay Organics Pvt. Ltd. |
8.0%
|
| 7 | Jayvir Dye Chem |
6.8%
|
| 8 | Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. |
6.8%
|
| 9 | SimSon Pharma Limited |
4.5%
|
| 10 | Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd |
4.5%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the phenylenediamine page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
6 | 85.7% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 14.3% |
