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This section provides an overview for trigonelline as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 7 trigonelline manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked trigonelline companies as of December, 2024: 1.BioCrick, 2.Krackeler Scientific, 3.AdooQ BioScience.
Table of Contents
Trigonelline is a colorless solid. Its IUPAC name is 1-methylpyridin-1-ium-3-carboxylate, and it is also known as caffearine or N-methylnicotinate. Methylnicotinate.
It is an alkaloid, an organic compound containing nitrogen atoms with the chemical formula C7H7NO2 and a molecular weight of 137.14. The CAS registration number is 535-83-1.
Trigonelline has a variety of effects, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Fenugreek, a plant with trigonelline as one of its main constituents, is a traditional Chinese herb and Indian spice that has long been used for diabetes, coughs, increased milk production, and anti-inflammatory effects.
Today, it is attracting attention as a highly effective substance for improving dementia and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, by generating nitric oxide in blood vessels, it can promote vasoconstriction and dilation to maintain supple blood vessels. It is also attracting attention as a substance that prevents myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction caused by arteriosclerosis.
Trigonelline is heat sensitive and decomposes at temperatures above 200°C. In order to maintain the function of Trigonelline, it must be heated below 200°C, or Trigonelline must be extracted before heating and returned after heating.
Upon heating, trigonelline is converted to nicotinic acid. This substance is different in type from the nicotine found in cigarettes and has the effect of promoting brain energy metabolism and reducing cholesterol.
Nicotinic acid is a form of vitamin B3, which helps replace carbohydrates and fats with energy. Trigonene has a betaine structure with both positive and negative charges in a molecule.
The melting point of the monohydrate is 218°C, and it decomposes upon melting. It is solid at room temperature. It is very soluble in water, soluble in alcohols, and almost insoluble in organic solvents such as ether, benzene, and chloroform.
Trigonelline is found in abundance in the seeds of the osmanthus and coffee beans. It was first isolated from the leguminous plant fenugreek.
In plants, it is biosynthesized from nicotinic acid by nicotinic acid-N-methyltransferase (EC No. 2.1.1.7). Industrially, it can be synthesized by heating nicotinic acid with methyl iodide in the presence of silver oxide.
Trigonelline can also be purified by recrystallization from water or alcohols.
Trigonelline produces harmful nitrogen oxide (NOx) vapors when heated to decomposition. It is important to use the product in a draft chamber with local exhaust ventilation to avoid direct inhalation of the vapors. In case of fire, use water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.
Because of its skin irritant properties, care should be taken to avoid skin contact. Always wear protective clothing, such as a lab coat or work clothes and protective gloves when using the product. Never roll up the sleeves of protective clothing to avoid skin exposure. In the unlikely event of skin contact, it is important to wash it off with soap and copious amounts of water. If pain or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
It is also highly irritating to the eyes. It is important to always wear protective eyewear or goggles when using this product, as it can cause serious damage. In the unlikely event of contact with the eyes, rinse carefully with water for several minutes. If you are wearing contacts and can easily remove them, do so and rinse thoroughly.
Store in a cool, well-ventilated place away from direct sunlight, around 4°C is preferable.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Krackeler Scientific, a company established In 1951 in Albany, New York, is a distributor of scientific products such as general laboratory supplies, tissue culture products, chromatography consumables, lab safety products, and sophisticated biological kits. It distributes products like animal cages and enclosures, counting devices, environmental glassware, grinders, and ice makers. The company sources the equipment from brands like the American National Can, DuPont Personal Protection, Edwards High Vacuum, Encon Safety Products, and Kendall Healthcare Products.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
BOC Sciences is headquartered in Shirley, New York as a brand of BOCSCI Inc. The company is a developer, manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of premium chemicals, emphasizing small molecule synthesis, biosynthesis, purification, and characterization used in academia, pharmaceuticals, biotech, CDMO, material sciences, and agriculture industries, supporting research and production. The company’s products include thousands of inhibitors, nucleotides, metabolites, and isotope-labeled products. The company offers custom synthesis and manufacturing, analytical services, antibody-drug conjugate development, and strain engineering and fermentation services.
AdooQ BioScience, founded in 2006 and headquartered in Irvine, California, is a supplier specializing in purity inhibitors, chemical probes and reference compounds. The company's product portfolio includes inhibitors for signaling pathways, epigenetics, apoptosis, stem cells, and proteins. These products serve as tools for researchers in academia as well as the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries, facilitating the execution of experiments, exploration of diseases, and the potential development of treatments and therapies. The company has established over 25 distributors in 30 different countries, along with service networks spanning five continents, thereby ensuring a worldwide reach.
BioCrick Co., Ltd is located in Chengdu Tianfu Life Science Park in Sichuan Province, China. The company creates a natural product library which provides small molecular compounds with potential biological and pharmacological activities for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology companies worldwide. The company’s database includes more than 8,000 compounds collected from natural sources such as as medicinal plants, herbs, fungus, and microbes. The company also a provider of peptides and lab reagents for biological research, carrying a product line in apoptosis, epigenetic, and cancer biology.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BioCrick |
38.5%
|
| 2 | Krackeler Scientific |
15.4%
|
| 3 | AdooQ BioScience |
15.4%
|
| 4 | BOC Sciences |
15.4%
|
| 5 | SimSon Pharma Limited |
7.7%
|
| 6 | MilliporeSigma |
7.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the trigonelline page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
1 | 33.3% |
|
India
|
1 | 33.3% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 33.3% |
