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This section provides an overview for lead sulfate as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 14 lead sulfate manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked lead sulfate companies as of December, 2024: 1.SAMUH LAXMI CHEMICALS (BOM) P. LTD, 2.Celtic Chemicals Ltd, 3.MUBY CHEMICALS.
Table of Contents
Lead sulfate is an inorganic compound consisting of lead sulfate and lead ions combined with the chemical formula PbSO4.
It has a mass of 303.26 g/mol, a density of 6.29 g/cm3, and a density of 1170°C. At normal temperature and pressure, it has the appearance of a white solid.
Lead sulfate is used as a cathode and anode active material for the electrodes of lead-acid batteries. The relatively low cost of lead as an electrode material makes it possible to manufacture storage batteries with high-cost performance. Lead dioxide is used as the electrode for the positive electrode and lead for the negative electrode, and lead sulfate has been used as the electrolyte for both.
Dilute sulfuric acid is ionized by water to SO₄²- and H⁺, which reacts with sulfate ions to form lead sulfate, PbSO₄, at the negative electrode. Lead sulfate adheres to the surface of the anode in solid form, and the mass of the anode increases rapidly. In addition, electrons generated by the oxidation of lead are transferred to the cathode through conductors.
In addition, hydrogen ions are also released into the electrolyte, and the hydrogen ions are directed to the cathode, where free electrons have gathered, and move through the electrolyte, which is the principle of the battery. The cathode plate, on the other hand, accepts the free electrons and hydrogen ions from the anode and undergoes a chemical reaction with lead dioxide and dilute sulfate. As a result, lead Sulfate and water are formed, and the lead sulfate adheres to the cathode plate in the same manner as the anode plate.
The lead sulfate and other substances adhering to the surface of the cathode plates due to discharge cause a recharging reaction that returns the battery to the state it was in before discharge, allowing it to be used repeatedly. The positive electrode is oxidized to lead oxide (IV) by recharging, and the negative electrode is reduced to solid lead, which is a property of lead-acid batteries.
Lead sulfate has been used as a white pigment in various situations since ancient times because of its white color. Lead sulfate has also been found in the treasures of the Shosoin Repository in Nara, Japan.
Lead sulfate is also characterized by its use as one of the raw materials for coloring pigments such as yellow lead and molybdate orange. However, in recent years, there has been a growing movement toward the elimination of lead-containing paints due to concerns about the adverse effects of lead-containing paints on the human body.
Other applications include glazes, catalysts, and resin stabilizers.
It is a white or colorless, crystalline or crystalline powder solid in appearance. It is soluble in excess alkali hydroxide as lead hydroxide ions, but its solubility in water is almost negligible at 0.0425g/1L at 25℃. It is also insoluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
The crystal structure is stable with a barium sulfate-type structure and a rectangular crystal structure. Its melting point is 1,170°C, but decomposition begins at around 1,000°C. It decomposes to lead(II) oxide or lead(III) tetroxide while generating sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide.
Lead sulfate is produced by the reaction of a water-soluble lead compound with a strong acid, such as lead sulfate and lead nitrate, or lead sulfate and lead acetate, accompanied by heating. Lead sulfate is obtained as a white precipitate.
In addition, a paste made by adding dilute sulfate to lead(II) oxide is used as the active material in lead-acid batteries, which contains various basic salts with compositions such as PbSO4·PbO、PbSO4·2PbO、PbSO4·3PbO、PbSO4·4PbO. In addition, water is a byproduct of this reaction.
When lead sulfate reacts with lead, lead sulfate and hydrogen are formed, but a film of insoluble salts is formed on the surface of the reactants, which must be heated to facilitate the reaction.
Lead sulfate is highly toxic and may cause cancer, harm the fetus in pregnant women, and damage the organs (kidneys, nervous system, digestive system, and blood system). Therefore, it is necessary to wash hands thoroughly and wear rubber gloves, lab coats, masks, and protective goggles when handling it.
In addition, because of its harmful effects on aquatic organisms, its release into the water is strictly regulated.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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American Elements was founded in 1997 in California and currently has research and production facilities in Utah, Mexico, China, and the United Kingdom. AE manufactures and distributes advanced materials from a catalog of over 30,000 products for bulk industrial use as well as small scale laboratory use. AE also provides testing and analyses services including spectroscopy along with structural, thermal, and electrical analyses. AE holds sustainable development as a core corporate value and is committed to work to protect the health of the environment.
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., established in 1991 and headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is an American manufacturer and supplier specializing in biological products for medical research. Initially providing antibodies to the research community, they expanded their offerings to include gene silencers like siRNA and shRNA (plasmid and lentiviral), targeting all known mouse and human genes. Over time, Santa Cruz Biotechnology provides over 175,000 research biochemicals under the brand ChemCruz, including protein-interacting inhibitors, substrates, and activators, tailored for studying protein functions. The company offers monoclonal primary antibodies, designed for various mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets, along with corresponding binding secondary antibodies.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Alpha Chemika, founded in 1989 and based in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer, supplier of laboratory reagents and fine chemicals. Their products are used in multiple industries, including pharmaceutical, chemical, biotechnology, and environmental. Their product portfolio ranges from chemicals such as Silver Nitrate, Perchloric Acid, and Lanthanum Acetate to laboratory tools and equipment such as Air Inlet Tubes, Air Inlet Tubes, and Optical Components. Alpha Chemika has been able to obtain ISO 9001:2000 certification.
MUBY CHEMICALS, established in 1976, is a manufacturer and supplier of chemicals and excipients used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics & personal care, agrochemical, and textile industries. Based in Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India, the company offers Shale gas hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals such as ammonium persulfate, diverting agents, inhibitors, ATMP phosphonate, and encapsulated gel breakers. Some food analytical reagent chemicals include benzyl alcohol, calcium oxide, boric acid, carbamide peroxide, and lithium carbonate. The company is GLP-approved, Kosher Certified, "REACH" Registered, and ISO-9001 Certified.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Oxford Lab Fine Chem LLP (OLFC) is an Indian manufacturer and exporter of laboratory chemicals as well as intermediates established in 2015 following the merger of Oxford Lab Chem and Oxford Laboratory. Based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, the company’s extensive chemical portfolio includes various bases, acids, standards, solutions, and buffers. These are offered in different grades, such as AR/GR and HPLC. OLFC primarily supplies the industrial processes of clients in the pharmaceutical and chemical processing sectors in over 40 countries, as well as in India’s educational and laboratory institutions.
Alfa Aesar is based in Lancashire, United Kingdom. Alfa Aesar is part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, is a manufacturer and supplier of chemicals, metals, and life science products for research and development. Alfa Aesar’s product lines include chemicals, life science, materials & metals, catalysts, and analytical & lab ware. Chemical offerings include inorganic compounds, organic compounds, organometallic, and solvents. Life sciences include biotechnology products, cellular & molecular biology, genomics, and immunology. Materials & metal include alloys, carbon, etchants, and more. Catalysts include ferrocenes, fuel cell products, and precious metals & catalysts. Alfa Aesar also offers custom manufacturing options.
Kidarnath Chemical Co., established in 19861 and headquartered in Delhi, India is a global manufacturer and supplier of industrial chemicals. The company offers a range of industrial products like copper chemical, nickel chemical, and cobalt chemical. These chemicals play vital roles in different industries due to its unique physical and chemical properties, making it essential components in the manufacturing and production processes of various products such as stainless steels, batteries, and automotive parts.
Celtic Chemicals, Ltd. was established in 1979 and headquartered in Port Talbot, United Kingdom. The company is a producer and trader of many chemical compounds including inorganic metallic salts, biogas, nutritional chemicals, pharmaceutical, and metal finishing for biotech, semiconductor, nutrition, and numerous other industries in laboratories achieved and maintained the standards of ISO 9001-2015 since 1993. Chemical compounds offered by the company are offered in both large quantities and quantities as small as 1 kilogram. For chemicals such as Zinc that require high purity, the company pre-blends micro elements to ensure consistent dispersion across entire batches.
Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company manufactures highly complex reagents and biochemicals for public and private customers across industries with over 5000 products in different grades and packing sizes across product segments. The company’s 6 product categories are General Laboratory Chemicals & Solvents, Biochemicals & Specialty Fine Chemicals, Animal Cell Culture, Nanotechnology Products, Dehydrated Culture Media & Media Kits, and Biolit™ range of DNA and Protein tools.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | SAMUH LAXMI CHEMICALS (BOM) P. LTD |
22.2%
|
| 2 | Celtic Chemicals Ltd |
11.1%
|
| 3 | MUBY CHEMICALS |
11.1%
|
| 4 | American Elements |
11.1%
|
| 5 | Alpha Chemika |
5.6%
|
| 6 | Kidarnath Chemical Co. |
5.6%
|
| 7 | SRL |
5.6%
|
| 8 | Central Drug House |
5.6%
|
| 9 | OXFORD LAB FINE CHEM LLP |
5.6%
|
| 10 | Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd |
5.6%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the lead sulfate page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
India
|
6 | 54.5% |
|
United States of America
|
2 | 18.2% |
|
United Kingdom
|
2 | 18.2% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 9.1% |
