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This section provides an overview for d-limonene as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 12 d-limonene manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked d-limonene companies as of December, 2024: 1.Citrus Depot, 2.Stepan Company, 3.Tri-Chem Specialties LLC.
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Okayama University Graduate School, Ph.D. (Agriculture). After working as a specially appointed Assistant Professor at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, a fluid researcher at the Okayama Prefectural Institute of Biological Sciences, and a special researcher (JSPS PD) at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Japan Science, he became independent as a freelancer.
Specializes in natural product chemistry, protein engineering, fermentation engineering, and instrumental analysis of chemicals (especially mass spectrometry chemistry).
Thesis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=HIROKAZU+USUKI
linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%80-%E8%87%BC%E6%9C%A8-b83827228/
D-limonene, a monocyclic monoterpene, is a key component of essential oils found in citrus peels, characterized by its optically active forms, including D- and L-limonene. The D-form is particularly noted for its lemony fragrance, whereas dipentene refers to the racemic mixture of these isomers. D-limonene predominates in oils from orange peel, lemon, and bergamot, L-limonene in pine needle and huckleberry oils, and dipentene in camphor and turpentine oils.
As a cyclic terpene, D-limonene is renowned for its distinct citrus aroma, found primarily in citrus peel. Its properties make it an effective solvent in various applications, capable of dissolving fats and oils.
1. Name
English Name: Limonene
IUPAC Name: 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene
2. Molecular Formula
C10H16
3. Molecular Weight
136.23 g/mol
4. Melting Point
-74.35°C
5. Solvent Solubility
Insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohols
D-limonene finds extensive use as a flavoring agent in food, beverages, and bath products, and as a solvent in industrial applications due to its unique aroma and solvent properties.
It is a popular flavoring agent in citrus-flavored foods and beverages, and is used in soaps, detergents, cosmetics, and air fresheners due to its fragrance. Its effectiveness in dissolving oily substances also makes it a valuable ingredient in hand soaps and kitchen detergents.
Its ability to dissolve oils has led to its widespread use as a solvent in paints, printing inks, and other industrial applications.
Due to its structural similarity to styrene, D-limonene can dissolve styrene foam, making it a useful recycling agent for styrofoam.
D-limonene is a chiral molecule with two enantiomers, existing primarily in citrus peels. Its molecular formula is C10H16. The D-enantiomer is responsible for the strong citrus odor, whereas the racemic form is known as dipentene.
It features two unconjugated C=C double bonds, contributing to its reactivity and susceptibility to oxidation.
D-limonene is naturally extracted from citrus peels through mechanical squeezing, steam distillation, or chemical synthesis, yielding an oil rich in D-limonene along with other components such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones.
(1) Extraction
The essential oil is extracted from citrus peels through mechanical squeezing and distillation.
(2) Steam Distillation
This process involves steam distilling the citrus peel, then cooling the vapor to separate the oil.
(3) Chemical Synthesis
Chemical synthesis methods include the dehydration of ethanoic acid, hydrohalogenation of isoprene, and hydrolysis of β-pinene.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Tri-Chem Specialties LLC, established in 2008 and based in Louisiana, United States, is a manufacturer of chemical products. The company produces aerosols, automotive products, green care products, disinfectants and lubricants and supplies to commercial, municipal, marine and military industries. The women-run business produces over 300 environmentally safe products and is used by food service workers, automotive shops, schools and maintenance supervisors. The products are produced meeting the set quality standards and in the high-tech manufacturing unit.
Stepan Company is a global specialty and intermediate chemical manufacturer since 1932. The company has its headquarters in Illinois, United States, with production facilities across 11 countries. Stepan manufactures surfactants, which are ingredients in consumer products such as hard surface cleaners, laundry detergents, shampoos, and body wash. The company also provides customized solutions for the oilfield, agricultural, and construction markets. Stepan company is a major supplier of polyurethane polyols, which are used in the thermal insulation market, as well as fats and oils for the pharmaceutical, nutrition, and dietary supplement industries.
Citrus Depot is a manufacturer and supplier of citrus cleaning products based in St. Peterburg, Florida. The products are made with eco-friendly material and not diluted with hazardous kerosene, diesel and hydrocarbon solvents. The company products include degreasers, release agents, tar removers and other biodegradable solvents. The company supplies its products to household, automotive, cosmetics, and medical and pharmaceutical industries. The ingredients used in manufacturing these products are from refined citrus peel oils.
Bulk Apothecary was founded in 2010 in Streetsboro, Ohio. The company is a distributor of natural ingredients and essential oils used in the cosmetic, food, and hobby industries, as well as by individual consumers. The company’s basic offerings include oils, waxes, soap bases, botanicals, and herbs that customers can buy as is or as kits to create homemade soap, potpourri, and other personal care products. The company also offers private label-ready supplies and wholesale supplies and supplements for commercial and high-volume purchases.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
NIPPON TERPENE CHEMICALS, INC. established in 1919 and located in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, is a manufacturer and distributor of Terpene-based chemicals. The company's product range includes industrial solvents, aroma chemicals, active pharmaceutical ingredients, polyfunctional alcohols, and chain-transfer agents for RAFT polymerization. Industrial solvents are applied in electronic materials, while aroma chemicals are used in fragrances and as food additives. Pharmaceuticals are compliant with the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Additionally, they provide solutions in RAFT polymerization. The primary industries it serves include electronics, fragrance, food, and pharmaceuticals.
Phillips Supply Co., established in 1947 and based in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, is a distributor of janitorial products. The company supplies products in different categories, such as chemicals, cleaning supplies, restroom cleaners, waste receptacles, and paper products to industries such as building services, education & government companies, healthcare facilities and manufacturing facilities. The company has a certification of the National women-run business. The company procures cleaning solutions for different manufacturers and sells them to companies. The company also sells floor machines, carpet extractors and automatic floor scrubbers.
New Directions Aromatics Inc., established in 1998 and headquartered in Toronto, Canada, is a supplier of essential oils, natural raw materials, and specialty packaging. The company is a wholesale supplier of various essential and carrier oils, packaging materials, cosmetic bases, and raw materials for natural health, beauty, and organic food industries. It is a member of International Federation of Essential Oils (IFEAT), Aroma Trades, and the Global Shea Alliance. The company's Kosher and Vegan certified facility has a laboratory that uses state-of-the-art gas chromatography to rigorously test the purity and potency of oils.
Jensen Tools + Supply, Inc., founded in 1954 and has its headquarters located in North Andover, Massachusetts, stands as a distributor of products for assembling, repairing and testing electronic equipment. The company offers an array of products, including apparel, benches, hand tools, power tools, soldering tips, along with data loggers, electric testers, and analyzers, while its services encompass consulting for implementation, troubleshooting SMT processes, conducting process reviews, establishing process setups, providing in-plant training, and offering an extensive range of manufacturing services. Additionally, the company provides calibration services for test and measurement equipment, as well as inventory management and training services.
Blendmagic Products, established in 2021 and based in New York, United States, is a distributor of chemicals. The company procures and supplies chemicals such as ice melts, degreasers, vinegar, and weed & grass killers. The company supplies its products to households and horticulture areas. The products are NOP compliant and are made to banish bacteria and stains. The company only procures chemicals that replace many harmful chemical agents and are biodegradable. The products are delivered to different places in the US.
Barentz was founded in Amsterdam in 1953 and expanded to Avon, Ohio where its American headquarters is today. Barentz is a specialty chemicals and ingredients distributor that, with the acquisition of Maroon Group in December 2020, has a global reach in distributing chemicals to life sciences and broader specialty chemical industries. Barentz has seven product divisions including nutrition, plastics, cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, and personal care. Within these, the company distributes, various chemical additives, intermediates, minerals, and odor counteractant compounds.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Citrus Depot |
16.0%
|
| 2 | Stepan Company |
13.0%
|
| 3 | Tri-Chem Specialties LLC |
11.8%
|
| 4 | MG Chemicals |
9.3%
|
| 5 | NIPPON TERPENE CHEMICALS, INC. |
9.0%
|
| 6 | Bulk Apothecary |
8.4%
|
| 7 | Merck |
7.9%
|
| 8 | Phillips Supply Co. |
7.0%
|
| 9 | New Directions Aromatics Inc. |
6.5%
|
| 10 | Barentz US |
4.6%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the d-limonene page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
4 | 100.0% |
1 products found
1 products
Serizawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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D-limonene is a natural solvent extracted from orange peel. It is used as a fragrance, cleaning agent, and solvent. ■Applications ・Dissolution of...
