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This section provides an overview for maleic acids as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 41 maleic acid manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked maleic acid companies as of December, 2024: 1.CHEM-LAB NV, 2.AccuStandard, 3.Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp..
Table of Contents
Okayama University Graduate School, Ph.D. (Agriculture). After working as a specially appointed Assistant Professor at Tokyo Medical and Dental University, a fluid researcher at the Okayama Prefectural Institute of Biological Sciences, and a special researcher (JSPS PD) at the Japan Society for the Promotion of Japan Science, he became independent as a freelancer.
Specializes in natural product chemistry, protein engineering, fermentation engineering, and instrumental analysis of chemicals (especially mass spectrometry chemistry).
Thesis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=HIROKAZU+USUKI
linkedin: https://www.linkedin.com/in/%E5%8D%9A%E4%B8%80-%E8%87%BC%E6%9C%A8-b83827228/
Maleic acid is a type of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, characterized by two carboxyl groups. When heated above its melting point, maleic acid dehydrates and condenses to form maleic anhydride. It is a highly reactive compound commonly used as a raw material in organic synthesis.
1. Name
English name: Maleic acid
IUPAC name: (2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid
2. Molecular Formula
C4H4O4
3. Molecular Weight
116.1
4. Melting Point
133-134°C
5. Solvent Solubility
Soluble in water, ether, and alcohols; insoluble in benzene
Maleic acid and fumaric acid are geometric isomers. The cis form of ethylenedicarboxylic acid is maleic acid, while the trans form is fumaric acid.
The physical and chemical properties of these compounds differ significantly:
In cis maleic acid, the proximity of the carboxyl groups facilitates dehydration and condensation upon heating to form anhydride. In contrast, the trans configuration of fumaric acid keeps the carboxyl groups apart, making intramolecular dehydration-condensation unlikely.
Maleic acid is highly soluble in water, while fumaric acid is not. This is attributed to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in maleic acid, hindering intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Maleic acid's lower melting point compared to fumaric acid is also explained by its cis configuration, which facilitates intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Maleic acid is used in various fields, from food additives to industrial applications. It is employed in the pharmaceutical industry as an acid component for pH adjustment and as a counterion in basic compounds. Industrially, it is a key material in producing glyoxylic acid via ozone decomposition and is used in synthetic resins (unsaturated polyesters), paints, resin modifiers, PVC stabilizers, surfactants, etc.
Maleic anhydride, synthesized by the vapor-phase oxidation of benzene using a vanadium oxide (V) catalyst, is hydrolyzed to produce maleic acid.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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AccuStandard, established in 1986 and headquartered in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, is a manufacturer of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). The offered products include organic standards, inorganic standards, custom standards, proficiency testing materials, and calibration kits. These products are used to ensure the accuracy, precision, and reliability of analytical methods and instruments in various industries such as environmental, pharmaceutical, food, petrochemical, and forensic. Its products meet stated specifications and comply with international standards, including ISO 17034:2016, ISO/IEC 17025:2017, and ISO 9001:2015.
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKS) is an American advanced intermediates and fine chemicals manufacturer that was established in Union City, California in 1997. The company’s product lineup includes chemical biocides, bioactives, inhibitors, and reagents. It also offers a range of products for use in life science applications, such as screening compounds, organoborons, and molecular fluorophores. These are extensively used in agrochemicals, biotech, pharmaceuticals, and nanotechnology. Aside from its products, AKS also offers international procurement and sourcing services to its clients, which include AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, and Bristol-Myers Squibb.
Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Chem-Impex International, founded in 1981, and headquartered in Wood Dale, Illinois, is an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer of laboratory chemicals. The company offers specialized quality information, technical documentation, and manufacturer audit assistance, and has invested significantly in data, fulfillment, and quality infrastructures. Orders can be processed through Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), and its warehouse is fully barcoded, ensuring fast turnaround and reduced errors. Its offerings consists of a range of products including amino acids, unnatural amino acids and its derivatives, peptide reagents, resins, nucleosides, as well as diagnostic chemicals, tissue culture reagents and antibiotics.
GlpBio Technology, established in 2016 and headquartered in Montclair, California, is a supplier of life science products covering 20 popular research fields, including epigenetics, neuroscience, and cancer. Its product portfolio has over 20,000 life science reagents, including biochemicals, tag peptides, bioactive peptides, amino acids, and nature products. Its main clients include clinical diagnostic laboratories, government agencies, research institutes, universities, and pharmaceutical companies. The company regularly increases its products to meet the latest research needs and provides custom organic synthesis and analytical services.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., established in 1991 and headquartered in Dallas, Texas, is an American manufacturer and supplier specializing in biological products for medical research. Initially providing antibodies to the research community, they expanded their offerings to include gene silencers like siRNA and shRNA (plasmid and lentiviral), targeting all known mouse and human genes. Over time, Santa Cruz Biotechnology provides over 175,000 research biochemicals under the brand ChemCruz, including protein-interacting inhibitors, substrates, and activators, tailored for studying protein functions. The company offers monoclonal primary antibodies, designed for various mammalian and non-mammalian protein targets, along with corresponding binding secondary antibodies.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
Apollo Scientific Ltd, a subsidiary of Japan’s Central Glass Europe Limited, is a research chemicals manufacturer and supplier founded in 1993 and headquartered in Bredbury, United Kingdom. Performing chemical syntheses in their Manchester-based laboratories, Apollo Scientific offers a selection of over 100,000 chemical products, from fluorinated compounds to non-fluorinated building blocks, for research and industry applications. Their life science products include antibiotics and buffers, as well as customized products for stem cell, molecular biology, and proteomics research. Additionally, Apollo Scientific offers spectroscopy products, such as consumables for infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry standards.
FujiFilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, founded in 1922 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents. The company has three business domains, namely laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents, and some of its products include biochemistry reagents, blood transfusion test drugs, battery materials, polymer-related materials, and general reagents. The products are useful in various fields, including electronic, cosmetic, polymeric, pharmaceutical, and medical care. It acquired Sibayagi Co. Ltd. in 2015 and provides custom manufacturing to meet customer requirements.
CHEM-LAB NV, established in 1993, and located in Zedelgem, Belgium, is a manufacturer of reagents for diverse applications. The company offers high-purity NIST-traceable organic and inorganic standards, laboratory reagents, and CRMs for various analytical methods. Its products find applications in environmental science, water resources, food and beverage, manufacturing, and waste monitoring. Certified with ISO 9001:2000, ISO 17034, and ISO 17025, the company maintains quality standards in the production of Certified Reference Standards and Reagents.
CPAChem Ltd, founded in 2001 and based in Bogomilovo, Bulgaria, is a manufacturer of organic and inorganic custom-made certified reference materials as well as pharmacopoeia products and Analytical CRMs. With the capability to produce more than 200 different products daily, it stands as the sole global producer offering products in accordance with seven different pharmacopoeias, including the Japanese, Indian, and British pharmacopoeias. The company boasts a catalog of over 9,000 stock products, serving clients such as Carlo Erba, Fisher, and VWR. It holds ISO 9001 certification and has achieved accreditation in ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 17034.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
LGC Standards Ltd., established in 1842, is a global British manufacturer and supplier of reference standards, headquartered in Teddington, Middlesex, with offices in 20 countries worldwide. As a subsidiary of LGC Group, the United Kingdom’s National Measurement Institute, LGC Standards also serves as the Government Chemist, providing expert opinions based on independent chemical and bioanalytical measurements. Under the business unit LGC Industrial, the company offers industrial measurement tools. Additionally, their subsidiaries, including Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (TRC) of Canada, LGC Mikromol™, and Dr. Ehrenstorfer™ of Germany, develop research tools, standards for pharmaceutical quality control, and reference materials for food and environmental analysis.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is a Mumbai-based manufacturer and supplier of laboratory and fine chemicals, catering to industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, research, hospitals, and universities since its establishment in 1975. Their product range includes pH indicators, biological stains, HPLC solvents, high purity acids, and tetrazolium salts and derivatives. These products serve various applications like pH testing, cell and tissue staining, chemical separation, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The company has several certifications, such as ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 9001:2015.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation was founded in 1933 and has a head office in Tokyo, Japan. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation provides products including chemicals, industrial gases, and health care products to customers globally. Mitsubishi Chemical Group’s performance products division manufactures and distributes. functional food materials, electronic and electrical components, specialty chemicals, and other products. Mitsubishi Chemical health care products include pharmaceuticals, drug discovery solutions, diagnostic reagents, and instruments for medical use. Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation also provides other services such as engineering, information systems, logistics, and consulting.
Veeprho, established in 2011 and headquartered in Praha, Czech Republic, is a manufacturer of industrial chemicals. It is a chemical research company involved in the research, development, and supply of synthesized impurities, metabolites, intermediates, and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) through custom synthesis. These products are utilized in the global pharmaceutical industry. Its global network is comprised of manufacturing and R&D facilities in India, as well as distribution offices in New Jersey US, and United Kingdom equipped to provide immediate support within all time zones.
GFS Chemicals was founded in 1928 and is based in Columbus, Ohio. GFS Chemicals is an ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturer as well as a supplier of specialty and fine chemicals, serving customers worldwide. GFS serves an array of industries including pharmaceutical, electronics, energy, fragrances, agrichemical, and specialty polymers. GFS Chemicals supplies over 8,600 chemicals in the United States, available in both small and large quantities. GFS Chemicals also offers Karl Fischer reagents, PPT/PPB trace analysis grade acids, turbidity standards, and other high-quality materials.
BLDpharm was founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai, China is a manufacturer and supplier of various research chemicals. The company offers a wide range of laboratory chemicals including heterocycles, boron acids, amino acids, metal catalysts, and chiral compounds. These quality products find an array of applications as inhibitors for metabolic enzymes, pharmaceutical intermediates for antipsychotic drugs, catalysts for chiral resolving reagents, and material science for OLED material and synthesis intermediates.
bioWORLD is a manufacturer and supplier of a wide range of products for life science research. It is headquartered in Dublin,Ohio, and was established in 1993. The company's main products include molecular tools, molecular life sciences reagents, biologicals and pure proteins or enzymes, and lab supplies for bio-medical. Some of its popular products are lectins, glycomatrix, proteins and enzymes. bioWORLD also offers services such as custom training programs and needs assessment. Its products are used by several organizations, including hospitals, public health, commercial laboratories, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical.
Biozol Diagnostica Vertrieb GmbH, founded in 1989 and based in Eching, Germany is a manufacturer and service provider of life sciences, diagnostics and pharmaceutical industry. The company produces antibiotics, PCR reagents, blocking peptides, biochemicals and kits for the direct conjugation of antibodies to oligonucleotides. It is also popular for its biomedical services such as antibody protection recombinant protein expression, seleno protein production and ELISA development. All the products are guaranteed by ISO:9001 and TÜV Rheinland certified quality management system.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
HPC Standards GmbH, established in 1996, is a manufacturer and distributor of high-purity analytical standards for residue analysis, located in Germany. The company specializes in the manufacture of reference materials for pesticides, veterinary products, and their metabolites and stable isotope-labelled derivatives. They are ISO 9001 certified and accredited according to ISO 17034. Their products are tested according to international quality requirements and meet the highest industrial standards. They serve as a competent partner in the fields of food and environmental analysis with a wide range of products, including dyes, food-related chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polymer additives.
Alfa Chemical Co., Ltd., founded in 1973 and headquartered in Zhengzhou, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of organic chemicals for researching, development and manufacturing. The company provides scientific analytical chemicals, material science and life science chemicals, and catalysts from grams to kilograms. These chemicals include building blocks, reagents, pharmaceutical intermediates, dyes & indicators, produced by standards and analytical methods such as NMR, HPLC and MS. The company has a production facility, test laboratories and research centers, and provides packaging and delivery services.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, established in 1879 and headquartered in Karlsruhe, Germany, is a manufacturer, distributor, and supplier of laboratory equipment, life science products, and chemicals. Their extensive product range encompasses analytical instruments, biological safety cabinets, heating mantles, pH meters, centrifuges, thermometers, and various chemicals. Their products support and facilitate laboratory research, analysis, and experimentation across various industries such as pharmaceutical, chemical, and environmental sectors. The company is certified according to DIN EN ISO 9001:2015 and DIN EN ISO 14001:2015.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. The company manufactures highly complex reagents and biochemicals for public and private customers across industries with over 5000 products in different grades and packing sizes across product segments. The company’s 6 product categories are General Laboratory Chemicals & Solvents, Biochemicals & Specialty Fine Chemicals, Animal Cell Culture, Nanotechnology Products, Dehydrated Culture Media & Media Kits, and Biolit™ range of DNA and Protein tools.
BioCrick Co., Ltd is located in Chengdu Tianfu Life Science Park in Sichuan Province, China. The company creates a natural product library which provides small molecular compounds with potential biological and pharmacological activities for pharmaceutical, agricultural, and biotechnology companies worldwide. The company’s database includes more than 8,000 compounds collected from natural sources such as as medicinal plants, herbs, fungus, and microbes. The company also a provider of peptides and lab reagents for biological research, carrying a product line in apoptosis, epigenetic, and cancer biology.
CliniSciences, founded in 1991 and based in Nanterre, France, is a distributor of reagents and instruments for immunology, cell biology and molecular biology. The company's product range includes reagents, consumables, instruments and biological samples applicable in areas such as immunology, oncology, plant research, and much more. It has a team of scientists across Europe that visit customers' laboratories to discuss their specific needs and offer tailor-made solutions. The company has acquired ISO 13485:2016 certification, and provides services like technical support & training, biodegradable packaging and centralized logistics.
Xiamen Aeco Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. was established in 2005 and has grown to become a supplier of chemical products, serving customers in various industries. Xiamen Aeco Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd. is a company based in Xiamen, China. The company specializes in the production and distribution of a wide range of chemical products, including pharmaceutical intermediates, agricultural, and other industrial. Their product line includes agrochemicals, APIs, biocides, catalysts, chemical intermediates, cosmetic raw materials, electronic chemicals, food and feed additives, inorganic chemicals, lubricant additives, organic chemicals, paints and coatings, petrochemicals, polymers, solvents, surfactants, textile auxiliary chemicals, water treatment chemicals, and more.
Zhengzhou Meiya Chemical Products Co., LTD was founded in 2005 in Henan, China, and is headquartered in Zhengzhou, China. The company is a distributor and exporter of chemicals from China to Europe, Asia, and the Americas. The ISO 9001-certified company specializes in VOC-exempt solvents, paints and coatings, adhesives, PU, and resin for industries such as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, feed, water treatment, and oil field chemicals. The company’s product categories include plant extracts, cosmetics, PU, and resin.
Glentham Life Sciences is based in Corsham, United Kingdom. Glentham Life Sciences is a leading supplier of fine chemicals, raw materials, reagents, and life science products. Glenthem also offers a number of services including custom packaging, call-off orders, and safety documentation. Glentham’s product offerings include chemicals such as amino acids, antibiotics, APIs, biochemicals, buffers, carbohydrates, chitin, chitosan, detergents, dyes, stains, enzymes, inorganic, peptide reagents, phytochemical, raw materials, solvents, steroids, and vitamins among others.
Fisher Scientific UK Ltd is a supplier of laboratory chemicals, equipment, and services based in Loughborough, United Kingdom, operating as a subsidiary of Thermo Fisher Scientific, a merger of Fisher Scientific International, Inc. and Thermo Electron in 2006. With a portfolio of over 2 million products, Fisher Scientific offers chemicals, reagents, equipment and instruments, consumables, and safety products. These products cater to various sectors, including clinical diagnostic and research laboratories, pharmaceutical and biotech industries, healthcare, and government agencies. Fisher Scientific also provides business solutions like the New-Lab Start-Up program, as well as SureTRACE and SureTRACE+ for product knowledge and supply chain management.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | CHEM-LAB NV |
15.4%
|
| 2 | AccuStandard |
15.4%
|
| 3 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
15.4%
|
| 4 | KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC. |
15.4%
|
| 5 | AK Scientific, Inc |
7.7%
|
| 6 | SimSon Pharma Limited |
7.7%
|
| 7 | Chem-Impex International, Inc. |
7.7%
|
| 8 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. |
7.7%
|
| 9 | Merck |
7.7%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the maleic acid page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
8 | 25.0% |
|
Japan
|
5 | 15.6% |
|
India
|
4 | 12.5% |
|
United Kingdom
|
4 | 12.5% |
|
China
|
3 | 9.4% |
|
Germany
|
2 | 6.3% |
|
France
|
2 | 6.3% |
|
Switzerland
|
1 | 3.1% |
|
Belgium
|
1 | 3.1% |
|
Bulgaria
|
1 | 3.1% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 3.1% |
