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This section provides an overview for nitrophenol as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 12 nitrophenol manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked nitrophenol companies as of December, 2024: 1.BIOTREND Chemicals AG, 2.LGC Standards.
Table of Contents
Nitrophenol is an organic compound where a nitro group is bonded to phenol. It exists in three forms, distinguished by the nitro group's position: 2-nitrophenol (o-nitrophenol), 3-nitrophenol (m-nitrophenol), and 4-nitrophenol (p-nitrophenol). Among these, 4-nitrophenol is the most commonly utilized. It is known to irritate the skin and mucous membranes, necessitating caution to avoid prolonged exposure.
4-nitrophenol is employed in synthesizing phenetidine and acetophenetidine. Phenetidine, once used in the artificial sweetener dultin's production, is now utilized as an intermediate for azo dyes and pharmaceuticals. Meanwhile, acetophenetidine, or phenacetin, serves as an antipyretic and analgesic. However, its usage has declined due to the risk of kidney damage from long-term, high-dose consumption.
4-nitrophenol transitions from colorless in acidic solutions to yellow in alkaline solutions, making it useful as a pH indicator. This change occurs when the hydroxyl group on nitrophenol donates an H+ ion to the base OH-, forming the nitrophenol anion, which absorbs violet light and reflects yellow, turning the solution yellow.
Due to its strong protein coagulation and denaturation capabilities, nitrophenol is used as a fungicide and insecticide. Its effective penetration into bacteria also makes it suitable for wood preservation, combating wood-decaying fungi.
Nitrophenol, with its nitro group (-NO2) attachment to phenol, exhibits relatively strong acidity. Phenols are more acidic than alcohols due to the stability of their conjugate base, which is enhanced by the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group, making nitrophenol more acidic than phenol itself.
The polarity introduced by the nitro group enhances nitrophenol's solubility in water and various organic solvents, as well as in alkaline solutions, due to its ease of ionization and the strong electron-withdrawing properties of the nitro group.
4-nitrophenol exhibits two polymorphic forms in its crystalline state: the α form, a colorless columnar crystal unstable at room temperature but stable to sunlight, and the β form, a yellow columnar crystal that is stable at room temperature but turns red upon sunlight exposure.
Nitrophenol's structure involves replacing one hydrogen atom on the benzene ring of phenol with a nitro group (-NO2), leading to three isomers based on the nitro group's position relative to the hydroxyl group (ortho, meta, para). These isomers, namely 2-nitrophenol, 3-nitrophenol, and 4-nitrophenol, exhibit distinct properties such as melting points, boiling points, and solubility in water, influencing their reactivity and applications.
Nitration of phenol with dilute nitric acid produces a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol, which can be separated by distillation due to their different boiling points. Additionally, 3-nitrophenol can be synthesized from p-nitrochlorobenzene through hydrolysis and acidification or by diazotizing m-nitroaniline and hydrolyzing the diazonium group.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Restek Corporation is a chromatography products manufacturer founded in 1985 and headquartered in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania. The company offers various products including sample preparation and collection products like solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges, liquid chromatography (LC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) columns, and reference standards used for calibration and quality control purposes. Other products include accessories such as flow meters, regulators, and valves. These are used for monitoring the quality of soil, air, and water, as well as petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Restek Corporation provides clients with tech support, product education, and custom solution services.
Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL) established in 1981, is a global supplier of stable isotopes and labeled compounds, headquartered in the United States. The company provides of products for research, environmental analysis, and medical applications.Their comprehensive product offerings include isotopically labeled standards, biochemicals, and gases, catering to many industries and scientific communities, with partnerships worldwide. They specializes in the process of labeling biochemical and organic compounds with highly enriched, stable (nonradioactive) isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1948 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer of chemical reagents and chemical products, including commissioned synthesis of chemical products. Some of the products it makes include Sodium chloride solution, concentrated glycerin, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and nitric acid. The chemical products have a wide range of applications and can be used in pathological examination, as food additives, for analysis, and in the pharmaceutical industry. All its plants, including its research institute, are ISO4001 and ISO9001 certified, while its Saitama and Ibaraki plants are equipped with buildings that comply with GMP.
Kishida Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1924 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of reagents and high-purity chemicals and also does drug discovery support activities. Its product portfolio includes fine chemicals, research chemicals, ionic liquid, organic micro-analytical reagents, and chemical reagents for analysis. The products support several industries, including reagent business, battery material, drug discovery, and life science. The company is ISO 14001 certified and supplies several companies worldwide, including Meterion Advanced Chemicals Inc., Acros Organics, ChemBridge Corporation, Decon Laboratories, and InerBioScreen Ltd.
LGC Standards Ltd., established in 1842, is a global British manufacturer and supplier of reference standards, headquartered in Teddington, Middlesex, with offices in 20 countries worldwide. As a subsidiary of LGC Group, the United Kingdom’s National Measurement Institute, LGC Standards also serves as the Government Chemist, providing expert opinions based on independent chemical and bioanalytical measurements. Under the business unit LGC Industrial, the company offers industrial measurement tools. Additionally, their subsidiaries, including Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (TRC) of Canada, LGC Mikromol™, and Dr. Ehrenstorfer™ of Germany, develop research tools, standards for pharmaceutical quality control, and reference materials for food and environmental analysis.
HiMedia Laboratories Private Limited is a manufacturer of biochemicals, media, and other laboratory consumables that was established in 1975 and is headquartered in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania. Its product range includes bacterial media, cell culture media, biochemicals, enzymes, and reagents. The company's products are used by a number of industries, as diverse as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, diagnostics, and food and beverage industries. HiMedia also provides services to its customers such as custom manufacturing of microbiome sequencing where the company can custom manufacture products to meet the specific needs of its customers.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BIOTREND Chemicals AG |
50.0%
|
| 2 | LGC Standards |
50.0%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the nitrophenol page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
4 | 44.4% |
|
United States of America
|
3 | 33.3% |
|
United Kingdom
|
1 | 11.1% |
|
India
|
1 | 11.1% |
