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This section provides an overview for phosphorus oxychloride as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 15 phosphorus oxychloride manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked phosphorus oxychloride companies as of December, 2024: 1.Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., 2.UPL, 3.Molekula Americas LLC.
Table of Contents
Phosphorus Oxychloride is a compound in which an oxygen atom is added to phosphorus trichloride.
It reacts violently with water, producing decomposition products including hydrogen chloride and phosphoric acid. In addition, moisture in the air produces hydrogen chloride gas.
It is possible to make phosphorus trichloride by reacting it with oxygen and oxidizing it directly. In addition, phosphorus pentachloride, which is made by the action of chlorine on phosphorus trichloride, can be produced by decomposing it with water. Phosphorus trichloride is obtained by reacting phosphorus with chlorine.
Phosphorus Oxychloride is used in the manufacture of hydraulic fluids, plasticizers, gasoline additives, and fire retardants. It can also be used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, dyes, phosphorus pesticides, fragrances, raw materials for nonflammable films, and uranium ore extractants.
In addition, it is used as a diffusing agent in the semiconductor manufacturing process.
Figure 1. Structure of phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus Oxychloride has a melting point of 1.25°C and a boiling point of 105.8°C. It is a colorless, fuming liquid with a pungent odor. The vapor is heavier than air. Its molecular formula is POCl3 and its molar mass is 153.33 g/mol. It is also called phosphoryl chloride or trichloride phosphate
Phosphorus Oxychloride is a phosphorus-centered tetrahedral chemical with three P-Cl bonds and one P=O bond; the P=O bond is very strong, with a bond dissociation energy of 533.5 kJ/mol. The Schomaker-Stevenson rule states that the contribution of the double bond is considerably larger than that of phosphoryl fluoride (POF3) in terms of bond strength and electronegativity.
The P=O bond in phosphorus oxychloride is different from the π bond in the carbonyl group of ketones; the P-O π bond appears to result from the donation of a lone electron pair of an O atom to the σ* orbital of P-Cl. However, the P-O interaction is still long disputed.
Triaryl phosphates can be obtained by heating excess phenol and phosphorus oxychloride together with a Lewis acid such as magnesium chloride.
Phosphorus Oxychloride can also act as a Lewis base. For example, when reacted with a Lewis acid such as titanium tetrachloride, it produces an adduct.
The adduct of phosphorus oxychloride and aluminum chloride is stable, and aluminum chloride can be completely removed from the mixture after the Friedel-Crafts reaction. In the presence of aluminum chloride, phosphorus oxychloride reacts with hydrogen bromide to give POBr3.
Figure 2. Reaction using phosphorus oxychloride
Phosphorus Oxychloride is often used in the laboratory as a dehydrating reagent. Specifically, it is used in the conversion of amides to nitriles.
Phosphorus Oxychloride can also be used in the Bischler-Napieralski reaction. In other words, the amide precursor undergoes ring closure to produce a dihydroisoquinoline derivative.
Figure 3. Birsmeier-Hack reaction with phosphorus oxychloride
The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction is a reaction between an active aromatic compound and an amide in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride. Phosphorus oxychloride activates the aromatic ring, which acylates to form aromatic aldehydes and ketones.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
American Elements was founded in 1997 in California and currently has research and production facilities in Utah, Mexico, China, and the United Kingdom. AE manufactures and distributes advanced materials from a catalog of over 30,000 products for bulk industrial use as well as small scale laboratory use. AE also provides testing and analyses services including spectroscopy along with structural, thermal, and electrical analyses. AE holds sustainable development as a core corporate value and is committed to work to protect the health of the environment.
Based in Bayville, NY, SAE Manufacturing Specialties Corp. is an ISO-certified supplier and manufacturer of industrial equipment, chemicals, components, ordinance, electronics, and systems for industries ranging from aerospace to high tech to law enforcement. Examples of product offerings include raw materials, chemicals, and lubricants for industrial purposes to finished products such as security helmets for law enforcement, and military ordnances. SAE also provides research and development as well as technical support for other companies in similar industries.
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., founded in 1956 and headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, is a manufacturer and supplier of life science solutions, analytical instruments, specialty diagnostics, laboratory products, and biopharma services. Through its brand names, including Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific, Patheon, Applied Biosystems, and Gibco, among others, the company provides a wide range of products, which include chromatography systems, thermal cyclers, automated cell counters, fermenters, and DNA polymerases. The company’s annual revenue is over 40 billion USD, and it serves several fields, including customers working in clinical diagnostic labs, research institutions, hospitals, government agencies, and pharmaceutical/biotech companies.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
G.J. Chemical is a family-owned company based in Newark, New Jersey. G.J. Chemical serves chemical distributors, laboratories, and a variety of end users with high purity chemical products and custom services. G.J. Chemical capabilities include testing, bulk storage, custom blending, liquid bulk handling, and purifying. G.J. Chemical’s chemical products include reagents, acrylate monomers, hand sanitizers, and isopropyl alcohol. These are made to USP, FCC, Reagent ACS, military grade, and other standards.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
PCC Group, founded in, Brzeg Dolny, Poland, in 1993 is a manufacturer of industrial chemicals. The company's product portfolio includes personal care ingredients, paints and coatings, adhesives and sealants, polyester polyols, and green chemistry Their products are used in industries such as Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology, Chemical and Petrochemical, Environmental Testing and healthcare. The company has 74 entities operating in 39 locations across 17 countries and offers custom packaging, warehousing, and global distribution services.
UPL was founded in 1969 and is headquartered in Mumbai, India, as a manufacturer of agricultural protection products. The company provides various products, including agrochemicals, seeds, industrial and specialty chemicals, and nitrified products. The company offers a range of industrial and specialized chemical products, such as caustic chlorine and white phosphorus. The company offers farmer advisory services through its Adarsh Kisan Centre, provides farmer advisory, training, and retail services through Unimart, and delivers farmer advice and spraying services under the Adarsh Farm Services trademarks.
Strem Chemicals, Inc, founded in 1964, is an American manufacturer and supplier of high-purity specialty chemicals and materials, based in Newburyport, Massachusetts. Acquired by Ascensus Specialties, another American chemical company in 2021, Strem offers a catalog of over 6,000 specialty products under the metal, inorganic, organometallic, and nanomaterial categories. Some of their diverse product offerings include metal catalysts for organic synthesis, metal carbonyls, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) precursors. Strem serves global customers, particularly academic, governmental, and industrial research and development laboratories. Their products find applications in various industries, including microelectronics, chemicals, petrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
LANXESS AG, established in 2004 and headquartered in Cologne, Germany, is a specialty chemical manufacturer. The company emerged from a restructuring process within Bayer AG, a German pharmaceutical and biotechnology company. As part of this transformation, certain chemical and polymer business units were spun off to create LANXESS as an independent entity. Under various brand names like Bayferrox and Colortherm for synthetic inorganic pigments, Lewatit for ion exchange resins, Bayoxide for iron oxide adsorbers, and Rely+On for disinfectant solutions, LANXESS offers a diverse range of products. These serve various industries, including agriculture, automotive, biosecurity, construction, microbial control, and mining.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
ICL Group Ltd. is a multinational manufacturer specializing in fertilizers, metals, and specialized chemicals. Its diverse range of products serves agriculture, food, and engineered materials sectors. The company produce potash and phosphate fertilizers for enhanced crop yields, alongside tailored specialty fertilizers. Additionally, functional ingredients to elevate food texture, taste, and nutrition, flame retardants for fire prevention and magnesia products used across industries, including pharmaceutical and environmental applications are also offered. The company operates globally with sites in Israel, Europe, North/South America, and China, supported by extensive distribution and supply networks.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
13.4%
|
| 2 | UPL |
11.6%
|
| 3 | Molekula Americas LLC |
11.6%
|
| 4 | GJ Chemical |
8.9%
|
| 5 | Strem Chemicals, Inc |
7.1%
|
| 6 | American Elements |
7.1%
|
| 7 | SAE Manufacturing Specialties Corp |
6.3%
|
| 8 | MilliporeSigma |
6.3%
|
| 9 | ICL |
5.4%
|
| 10 | LANXESS |
5.4%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the phosphorus oxychloride page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
6 | 54.5% |
|
Japan
|
3 | 27.3% |
|
Poland
|
1 | 9.1% |
|
India
|
1 | 9.1% |
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