■Essentials for primary temperature standard
・Inexpensive and easy-to-use standard with an uncertainty of 0.0001 °C or less
・Choose from 4 types of dimensions and 2 types of materials (quartz and glass)
・Isotope composition of international standard VSMOW
The triple point of water is not only the most accurate and fundamental temperature standard, but also the cheapest and easiest to use.
■Necessity of triple point cell for water
Water triple point cells have four important uses. The first step is to check for any unacceptable thermometer drift during the period between calibrations (and even after calibration if the thermometer has been transported). Interim checks are very important in maintaining the reliability of temperature measurements until the next calibration. Second, the critical calibration point, the triple point of water, is achieved with excellent uncertainty.
Third, the probe is characterized using the ratio (the ratio of the resistance at various ITS-90 fixed points to the thermometer resistance at the water triple point, expressed in "W"). Intermediate checks at the triple point of water can quickly and easily update critical thermometer standards and extend calibration intervals.
Finally, in ITS-90, the triple point of water is 273.16 K (0.01 °C), and 1 Kelvin is defined as 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The emphasis will be on the intersection of the practical temperature scale (ITS-90) and the thermodynamic temperature scale.
A good water triple point cell contains only pure water and pure steam. (There is almost no residual air left.) When some of the water freezes normally and three phases of water exist simultaneously in the cell, the “triple point of water” is achieved, but the heart The cell achieves this temperature with an expanded uncertainty of less than 0.0001 °C and a repeatability of within 0.00002 °C.
Simply put, a water triple point cell is made of glass and water, but it's more than just glass and water. First of all, it's not just water inside.
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