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This section provides an overview for fluoroacetic acid as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 9 fluoroacetic acid manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked fluoroacetic acid companies as of December, 2024: 1.Manchester Organics Ltd., 2.MilliporeSigma, 3.nacalai.
Table of Contents
Fluoroacetic acid is an organic compound with the formula C2H3FO2.
Known as monofluoroacetic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, its CAS number is 144-49-0. The molecular weight is 78.04, and it has a melting point of 95.3 °F (35.2 ℃) and a boiling point of 329 °F (165 ℃). At room temperature, it is a colorless, odorless solid with needle-shaped crystals. Its density is 1.37 g/cm³, and the pKa is 2.586, indicating its acidity. Fluoroacetic acid is soluble in water and ethanol.
Due to its high toxicity, it is classified as a specific poisonous substance.
Fluoroacetic acid, known for its extreme toxicity, is used in insecticides and rat poison. In humans, it causes convulsions and heart damage, with a lethal dose of 2-5 mg/kg.
Related substances include sodium monofluoroacetate, used in rat poison, and amide monofluoroacetate, used as an insecticide.
Below is an explanation of fluoroacetic acid's synthesis method and its toxicity.
Fluoroacetic acid esters can be obtained by heating methyl iodoacetate with copper fluoride or mercury fluoride, or by heating methyl chloroacetic acid with potassium fluoride. Fluoroacetic acid is synthesized by hydrolyzing these esters.
Naturally occurring in certain plants, monofluoroacetates (potassium salts) are found in toxic plants, mainly in the southern hemisphere, including the "diphtheria" plant in South Africa.
Fluoroacetic acid, where one hydrogen atom of acetic acid is replaced with fluorine, exhibits significantly higher toxicity. Its small atomic radius allows it to be mistaken for acetic acid, interfering with the aerobic metabolic pathway. Metabolized to fluorocitric acid, it disrupts the citric acid cycle, a crucial energy production pathway in cells, leading to cell death. It is lethal to any organism with a citric acid cycle in its metabolism, with a human lethal dose of 2-5 mg/kg.
Trifluoroacetic acid, while similarly named, is less toxic and used as a laboratory acid. It should not be confused with fluoroacetic acid (monofluoroacetic acid).
Upon heating, fluoroacetic acid decomposes, releasing highly toxic fluoride vapors. It reacts with many chemicals to produce toxic and flammable gases. Mixing with strong oxidizers and bases is hazardous and should be avoided.
Due to its extreme toxicity, fluoroacetic acid is rarely used.
Sodium monofluoroacetate, its salt, is sold for research and development but is also regulated due to its toxicity. Trifluoroacetic acid, which replaces all hydrogen atoms in the methyl group of acetic acid with fluorine, is a widely used strong acid in various applications, including HPLC. Despite their similar names, fluoroacetic acid (monofluoroacetic acid) is far more toxic, necessitating caution to avoid confusion between the two.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Manchester Organics Ltd., established in 1996 and headquartered in Cheshire, England, is a manufacturer of organic building blocks, intermediates & research chemicals. The company offers over 50,000 building blocks and fine organic chemicals. It specializes in fluorination technology and general organic synthesis at all scales and provides a chemically diverse range of custom synthesis services, development and scale-up projects. The company has multiple milligram to multi-kilo production facilities with high pressure capability and cGMP specialist fluorination facility.
Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., founded in 1982 and based in Toronto, Canada, is a manufacturer of biochemicals and is a subsidiary of LGC Standards. The ISO 9001-certified company has an extensive catalog of over 350,000 products, including metabolites, impurities, and natural products APIs, which are used in several applications like environmental analysis, forensic science, and medicinal R&D. The company supports the scientific community across more than 120 countries and has 19 production laboratories. In 2019, it was bought by LGC, which provides components to customers in the pharmaceutical, clinical diagnostics, and food markets, among others.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
BLDpharm was founded in 2014 and headquartered in Shanghai, China is a manufacturer and supplier of various research chemicals. The company offers a wide range of laboratory chemicals including heterocycles, boron acids, amino acids, metal catalysts, and chiral compounds. These quality products find an array of applications as inhibitors for metabolic enzymes, pharmaceutical intermediates for antipsychotic drugs, catalysts for chiral resolving reagents, and material science for OLED material and synthesis intermediates.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals Ltd has been a manufacturer, supplier, and distributor of chromatography consumables to research and analysis laboratories since 1981. The company offers chromatography columns, consumables, certified reference standards and materials, research chemicals, and solvents. It also provides reagents and laboratory consumables. The company serves a broad spectrum of industries, including environmental, petrochemical, food, chemical, and pharmaceutical analysis. The company holds certifications like ISO 9001:2015 for its quality management system.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | MilliporeSigma |
36.8%
|
| 2 | Manchester Organics Ltd. |
15.8%
|
| 3 | nacalai |
15.8%
|
| 4 | Greyhound Chromatography and Allied Chemicals Ltd |
10.5%
|
| 5 | Toronto Research Chemicals |
10.5%
|
| 6 | Molport |
5.3%
|
| 7 | Pharmaffiliates |
5.3%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the fluoroacetic acid page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United Kingdom
|
2 | 33.3% |
|
Canada
|
1 | 16.7% |
|
India
|
1 | 16.7% |
|
Switzerland
|
1 | 16.7% |
|
Japan
|
1 | 16.7% |
