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This section provides an overview for ethosuximide as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 4 ethosuximide manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked ethosuximide companies as of December, 2024: 1.Biosynth, 2.Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp., 3.Merck.
Table of Contents
Ethosuximide is an antiepileptic drug with the chemical formula C7H11NO2.
Ethosuximide exhibits anticonvulsant properties and has been shown to suppress seizures in preclinical studies with mice.
In Japan, it is marketed as Zarontin Syrup and Epileoptimal Spray 50%. It can be used alone or in combination with other antiepileptic drugs such as sodium valproate.
Ethosuximide is used as a therapeutic agent. Eisai markets Epileoptimal Spray 50%.
Indications include typical absence seizures (minor seizures) and minor (motor) seizures. Ethosuximide is administered orally to adult patients in doses of 450 to 1,000 mg (0.9 g to 2 g of the 50% epileoptimal spray formulation daily) in two to three divided doses per day.
The most common side effects of ethosuximide include SLE-like symptoms, pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Ethosuximide is extremely soluble in methanol, ethanol, and N, N-dimethylformamide, and soluble in water. It is an odorless, white, paraffin-like powder with a melting point of 47.0-50.0°C and a boiling point of 265.3°C.
Together with its effects on blocking T-type calcium channels and other classes of ion channels, ethosuximide is thought to affect neuronal excitability. Ethosuximide was discovered to be a blocker of T-type calcium channels.
Subsequent experiments with recombinant T-type channels in cellular systems have demonstrated that ethosuximide blocks all T-type calcium channel isoforms.
Ethosuximide has a molecular weight of 141.17 and a density of 1.1522 g/cm3. It consists of a methyl group and an ethyl group attached to a cyclic imide, succinimide.
Ethosuximide has structural isomers: (S)-ethosuximide and (R)-ethosuximide. A 1:1 mixture of (S)-ethosuximide and (R)-ethosuximide is used in clinical practice.
Ethosuximide's blood levels are affected by sodium valproate. Its combination with valproate increases the protective index and may elevate the serum concentration of phenytoin compared to monotherapy. Blood levels of Ethosuximide may be reduced by carbamazepine or rufinamide.
Common side effects include insomnia, somnolence, headache, delirium, and ataxia. Digestive system side effects encompass indigestion, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, tongue swelling, sudden abdominal pain, weight loss, stomach pain, diarrhea, constipation, and gingival hyperplasia.
Adverse skin effects comprise Stevens-Johnson syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, hirsutism, urticaria, and pruritic erythematous rash. Possible urinary system effects include microscopic hematuria and genital malaise, while blood-related effects may include pancytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, and eosinophilia.
Other succinimide compounds, such as phensuximide and mesuximide (Methosuximide), can be utilized in pharmaceutical substructures. Succinimide compounds have applications in forming covalent bonds in proteins, peptides, and plastics.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Biosynth is a Swiss manufacturer of life science reagents established in 1966 and headquartered in Staad. The company sources and manufactures biochemical products such as carbohydrates, nucleosides, and enzyme substrates, as well as various peptides and biologics. They also operate as a contract manufacturer offering custom synthesis and manufacturing services for their clients in the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, food, and agrochemical sectors. Biosynth has regional sales offices and specialized facilities in Europe and North America, including in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
National Analytical Corporation (NAC) is located in Mumbai, India. NAC was founded in 2009 as a distributor of laboratory grade chemicals used in numerous industries. NAC’s chemical offerings include biochemical & reagents such s Prunetin and 1,2-dipalmitoly-rac-glycerol, analytical grade chemicals such as chicoric acid and Vitamin E solutions, laboratory chemicals such as formic acid and nitric acid, gas chromatography chemicals such as Aalborg mass flowmeter battery kits and DEX 225, reference standard chemicals such as Palladium in HNO3, oral solid dosage forms, such as cellulosic and protect film coating systems, parenteral dosage forms, beverage & nutrition, and coating chemicals.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Biosynth |
40.0%
|
| 2 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
40.0%
|
| 3 | Merck |
20.0%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the ethosuximide page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
1 | 33.3% |
|
Switzerland
|
1 | 33.3% |
|
India
|
1 | 33.3% |
