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This section provides an overview for phenanthrene as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 17 phenanthrene manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked phenanthrene companies as of December, 2024: 1.ChemScence, 2.SimSon Pharma Limited, 3.Cayman Chemical Company.
Table of Contents
Phenanthrene is an organic compound with the molecular formula C14H10.
It is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three fused benzene rings. The name phenanthrene is derived from the meaning of anthracene with a phenyl group.
It has a molecular weight of 178.23, a melting point of 101°C, and a boiling point of 332°C. It is a colorless or pale yellow, odorless solid at room temperature. It has the property of emitting blue fluorescence. Its density is 1.18 g/cm3. It is nearly insoluble in water (solubility 0.00011g/100mL), but is soluble in relatively low polarity organic solvents such as toluene, carbon tetrachloride, ether, chloroform, and benzene.
Although highly stable, it is hazardous to the aquatic environment both in the short and long term, so care should be taken when disposing of it.
Phenanthrene is mainly used in organic synthesis applications. In particular, it is an important compound as a synthetic raw material for dyes, resins, and pharmaceuticals. One of its characteristics is that it exhibits blue fluorescence when in solution. Naturally occurring derivatives include morphine, codeine, and aristolochic acid.
Phenanthrene compounds have uses in pharmaceuticals as well as insecticides. When used as dyes, they are used as raw materials for alizarin and other products.
Phenanthrene, like biphenyl, is present in coal tar. It can be obtained by separation from anthracene oil. It can also be obtained from the natural mineral lavatolite.
The classical synthetic method is the Verdun-Sengupta synthesis of Phenanthrene. This is a two-step reaction in which the starting material is a compound in which one hydrogen of benzene is replaced by a cyclohexanol group to form an aromatic ring by an aromatic electrophilic substitution reaction using diphosphorus pentoxide and subsequent dehydrogenation reaction using selenium. Phenanthrene can also be obtained by photocyclization and dehydrogenation of diarylethenes synthesized from bibenzyl and stilbenes.
An isomer of phenanthrene is anthracene, which has a linear arrangement of aromatic rings, but Phenanthrene is more stable than anthracene. In recent years, this has been attributed to the effect of hydrogen-hydrogen bonds attached to the carbons at positions 4 and 5.
Phenanthrene, like anthracene, is a highly reactive compound at positions 9 and 10. Examples of major chemical reactions include:
Phenanthrene is currently sold primarily as a reagent product for research and development. The product is available in 1g, 5g, 25g, and 500g volumes in a form that is easy to handle in the laboratory. The substance is handled as a reagent product that can be stored at room temperature.
In addition to pure phenanthrene products, methanol solution, toluene solution, isooctane solution, acetonitrile solution, and methylene chloride solution are also available. In addition to regular phenanthrene, a d-10 phenanthrene product in which all hydrogen atoms are replaced with deuterium is also sold. The main application of this product is as an internal standard for GC/MS analysis. It can be used as an internal standard when analyzing items suspected of being environmental hormones using GC/MS.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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ChemScence, LLC., established in 2006, is an American manufacturer based in Monmouth Junction, New Jersey, specializing in building blocks and fine research chemicals. The company offers approximately 45,000 building blocks and intermediates, as well as thin layer chromatography, screening libraries, bioactive small molecules, and isotope compounds. ChemScence also provides dye and biochemical assay reagents, peptides, and natural products like glycosides, and steroids. Catering to a diverse clientele including universities, research institutions, as well as pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, ChemScence extends its services to include custom chemistry solutions. Furthermore, the company offers technical expertise in the domain of new drug development.
Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Cayman Chemical Company is a manufacturer of life science research products founded in 1979 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. They offer a diverse array of analytical standards, reagents, and other products for research in cancer, oxidative injury, epigenetics, neuroscience, inflammation, as well as metabolism, and other areas. The company supplies small molecules, biochemicals, assay kits, antibodies, and proteins to research scientists across academic, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical institutions. Cayman Chemical Company holds dual accreditations to ISO/IEC 17025:2017 and ISO 17034:2016 by ANAB Accreditation Services.
Molekula Group, established in 2000, is a chemical manufacturer and distributor based in Darlington, United Kingdom, supported by additional offices and warehouses in Germany, Italy, China, and the United States. The company operates two British subsidiaries, namely Scafell Organics Ltd, which manufactures fine organic chemicals, and Sherman Chemicals Ltd, which provides custom solutions across industries. The company adheres to ISO 9001:2015 standards and offers a diverse range of over 4,500 products. Their product portfolio includes analytical reagents, biochemicals, building blocks, organic and inorganic chemicals, as well as research organics and inorganics.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1948 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a manufacturer of chemical reagents and chemical products, including commissioned synthesis of chemical products. Some of the products it makes include Sodium chloride solution, concentrated glycerin, calcium chloride, ascorbic acid, and nitric acid. The chemical products have a wide range of applications and can be used in pathological examination, as food additives, for analysis, and in the pharmaceutical industry. All its plants, including its research institute, are ISO4001 and ISO9001 certified, while its Saitama and Ibaraki plants are equipped with buildings that comply with GMP.
SimSon Pharma Limited, established in 2011 and headquartered in Mumbai, India, is a manufacturer and supplier of pharmaceutical reference materials. Their product range includes drug working standards, drug impurity standards, drug metabolites, and stable isotope labeled compounds. These provide a basis for comparison and validation, enabling pharmaceutical companies to produce safe and effective medications. The company's offerings serve specific purposes, such as calibrating analytical instruments and ensuring precise analytical results, identifying and quantifying impurities in drugs, understanding drug metabolism, and developing new drug therapies.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
BOC Sciences is headquartered in Shirley, New York as a brand of BOCSCI Inc. The company is a developer, manufacturer, marketer, and distributor of premium chemicals, emphasizing small molecule synthesis, biosynthesis, purification, and characterization used in academia, pharmaceuticals, biotech, CDMO, material sciences, and agriculture industries, supporting research and production. The company’s products include thousands of inhibitors, nucleotides, metabolites, and isotope-labeled products. The company offers custom synthesis and manufacturing, analytical services, antibody-drug conjugate development, and strain engineering and fermentation services.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
AbMole BioScience, headquartered in Houston, Texas, USA, is a supplier of high-purity life science reagents. The company specializes in kinase inhibitors tailored for laboratory research. Its extensive product range also encompasses of recombinant proteins, organoid molecules, fluorescent dyes, and compound libraries, catering to a diverse spectrum of life science research areas. It holds a collection of over 8,000 inhibitors targeting a range of key proteins such as HDAC, PI3K, and apoptosis regulators.
Ataman Kimya, established in 2006, is a distributor of chemicals based in Istanbul, Turkey. Their wide range of products includes detergents, cosmetics, disinfectants, pharmaceutical chemicals, and water treatment chemicals. They also offer textile, leather, paper, and mining chemicals. These chemicals, such as hydrogenated castor oils, ethanol, and butylene glycol, find applications in various industries, such as personal care, household cleaning, fragrance, coatings, and agriculture. The company also offers custom blending to meet specific requirements.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. |
22.2%
|
| 2 | ChemScence |
11.1%
|
| 3 | SimSon Pharma Limited |
11.1%
|
| 4 | Cayman Chemical Company |
11.1%
|
| 5 | Molekula Americas LLC |
11.1%
|
| 6 | Spectrum Chemical Mfg. Corp. |
11.1%
|
| 7 | KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC. |
11.1%
|
| 8 | Merck |
11.1%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the phenanthrene page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
4 | 30.8% |
|
Japan
|
4 | 30.8% |
|
India
|
4 | 30.8% |
China
|
1 | 7.7% |
