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This section provides an overview for trinitrobenzene as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 6 trinitrobenzene manufacturers and their company rankings.
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Trinitrobenzene is a compound formed by the action of a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids on benzene under very strong conditions.
It is often abbreviated as "TNB." It normally exists in a white crystalline state and can cause violent explosions when subjected to shock or heat.
Trinitrobenzene is mainly used as an explosive and gunpowder. This is because it can cause an explosion when heated rapidly.
Trinitrotoluene is also often used for similar purposes. Trinitrobenzene is characterized by its insensitivity and explosive power compared to trinitrotoluene.
However, due to its higher production cost, trinitrotoluene is more widely and commonly used.
Trinitrobenzene is a highly reactive and explosive substance. In fact, it is sometimes used as an explosive. These properties of trinitrobenzene are due to the nitro group.
Trinitrotoluene (TNT), another well-known explosive, has three nitro groups and is very similar in structure to trinitrobenzene.
Nitro groups are highly reactive functional groups with strong electron-withdrawing properties. Many nitro compounds containing numerous nitro groups are explosive.
Nitro compounds are explosive because the bond between the nitrogen and oxygen in the nitro group is unstable. The bond between nitrogen and oxygen is fragile and generates a lot of heat when decomposed.
When many nitro groups are present, once a reaction starts, the reaction proceeds in a chain and rapidly, resulting in an explosion.
The bond between nitrogen and oxygen generates heat when it decomposes because the bond between nitrogen and oxygen is an endothermic reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings. At room temperature, nitrogen and oxygen do not react, but in a hot environment, they absorb ambient heat and combine to form nitrogen oxides (NOx).
For example, nitrogen oxides are produced when gasoline burns in a car engine. Nitrogen oxides cause air pollution and acid rain, so they are converted back to nitrogen by a catalyst before being exhausted.
The nitro group contains the high energy of the bonding of nitrogen and oxygen, and when this energy is released all at once, an explosion occurs.
Trinitrobenzene, which contains three highly reactive nitro groups, can exist because the benzene ring is a stable base. The benzene ring is a highly stable structure in the molecular structure of organic compounds. In fact, the benzene ring itself rarely changes to another structure.
Normally, carbon double bonds are fragile and prone to addition bonds, in which one bond opens to join another atomic group, but the benzene ring has special properties that make such addition bonds less likely to occur.
Trinitrobenzene has a benzene ring to which three nitro groups (NO2) are attached. Each nitro group is attached to a carbon atom of the benzene ring one at a time. This is called a meta-bond.
Substitution reactions, in which a hydrogen bonded to a carbon atom of the benzene ring is replaced by another functional group, are relatively easy to carry out, making it possible to produce compounds with many functional groups attached to the benzene ring, such as trinitrobenzene.
The industrial synthesis of trinitrobenzene is achieved by decarboxylation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzoic acid to 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene, which is then oxidized to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzoic acid, which is decarboxylated to form 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.
It is classified as a hazardous and explosive substance, so care must be taken when handling it.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp. was founded in 1971, is headquartered in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and has facilities in Gardena, California. Spectrum is a fine chemical manufacturing company with an emphasis on USP, NF, FCC, BP, EP, JP, and ACS grade products, and is ISO 9001:2015 certified. Spectrum primarily serves the analytical, biopharmaceutical, food & beverage, personal care, and pharmaceutical chemicals industries. Spectrum has 4 product segments which are chemicals, equipment, supplies, and safety.
Parchem was founded in 1999 and headquartered in Rochelle, New York. Parchem is a distributor of industrial chemicals. Parchem serves nutritional, personal care, pharmaceutical, and specialty chemical industries. Parchem offerings include coatings, adhesives, elastomers, industrial products, petrochemicals, oleochemicals, plastics, rubber, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, consumer products, catalysts, metallic salts, rare earths, flavors & fragrances, industrial & institutional, textiles, other food-related chemicals, dyes, finishes, chemicals for aerospace, oil gas drilling chemicals, electronics, and pharmaceuticals.
Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Nacalai Tesque Inc., founded in 1846 and headquartered in Kyoto, Japan, is a manufacturer of research chemicals, fine chemicals, diagnostics, and the related instruments. Some of its products include cytokines, nucleic acid electrophoresis, cell dissociation reagents, and sialic acid-related products, and it also offers custom and bulk service for bulk reagents and cell culture media. The company has more than 50 domestic distributors and several worldwide, including Asia, the Middle East, Oceania, Europe, and Africa. It is ISO 9001 and ISO 9002 certified, while the Kyoto South brand and Tesque factory are ISO 14001 certified.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pharmaffiliates |
33.3%
|
| 2 | KANTO CHEMICAL CO.,INC. |
33.3%
|
| 3 | Merck |
33.3%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the trinitrobenzene page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
United States of America
|
2 | 40.0% |
|
Japan
|
2 | 40.0% |
|
India
|
1 | 20.0% |
