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This section provides an overview for thiole as well as their applications and principles. Also, please take a look at the list of 17 thiole manufacturers and their company rankings. Here are the top-ranked thiole companies as of December, 2024: 1.MilliporeSigma.
Table of Contents
Thiole, also known as thiophene, is a pentacyclic heterocyclic compound with sulfur in the ring. Derived from the prefix "thio" for sulfur and "phene" for benzene, thiole is found in small amounts in tar and coal gas. Industrially, it is synthesized through a dehydrogenative ring-closing reaction of butane and sulfur at high temperatures.
Thiole is used as a solvent and as a raw material for dyes, plastics, medical and agricultural chemicals. Oligothiole and their functional derivatives are used in high-tech applications like OLEDs, organic field-effect transistors, and organic solar cells. Polythiole, with many interconnected thioles, is used as a conductive polymer. Fused thiole is a high-performance semiconductor material essential for electronic devices such as high-mobility transistors, organic thin-film solar cells, and OLEDs.
Thiole shares similar physical properties and chemical reactivity with benzene, emitting a similar odor. It is a colorless liquid with a melting point of -36.4°F (-38°C) and a boiling point of 183°F (84°C), mixing well with benzene, ether, and ethanol, but insoluble in water. Thiole is thermally stable and does not decompose even when heated to 1562°F (850°C).
Thiole is a sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound with the chemical formula C4H4S. It resembles furan, with the oxygen atom replaced by sulfur. It has a molecular weight of 84.14 and a specific gravity of 1.051 g/mL. When acting as a substituent in compound naming, thiole rings are referred to as thienyl groups.
Thiole can be synthesized by reacting carbon disulfide (CS2) with furan or methylfuran using a catalyst. In the laboratory, it's produced by reacting sodium succinate with disulfide pentasulfide (P2S5) or carbon dioxide with disulfide trisulfide (P2S3).
The indophenine reaction is used to identify small amounts of thiole, resulting in the formation of a blue dye. Thiole can also be identified through methods like gas chromatography.
Thiole undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions selectively at the 2-position. When treated with a strong base like lithium alkyl, thiole forms a proton-drawn thienyl anion. However, due to its aromatic nature, addition reactions to double bonds are unlikely.
Thiole and its polymers, polythiole, are used in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes, and as targets for research in organometallics and organic semiconductors due to their conductive properties.
*Including some distributors, etc.
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Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., founded in 1944 and headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, is a reagent manufacturer with overseas affiliates in other countries, including China, France, USA, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Its product portfolio includes analytical reagents, ionic liquids, Iodine compounds, ultra-pure chemicals, and water analysis kits. The company is also developing regenerative medicine and genetics reagents and has over 50,000 products. It has several certifications, including ISO 9001, acquired in 1994, making it the first Japanese company in the reagent industry. Other certifications are ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO/IEC 17025.
Hefei Home Sunshine Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd, established in 2013 and headquartered in Hefei City, China, is a manufacturer specializing in both standard and custom chemical synthesis. With manufacturing facilities in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Inner Mongolia, Home Sunshine Pharma offers a range of products, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, fine chemicals, coenzymes, and nucleotides. As an ISO 9001:2015 certified company, Home Sunshine Pharma serves research institutions, universities, and industries in Europe, America, and Southeast Asia with their chemical products.
Pharmaffiliates, established in 2001 and located in Gurgaon, India, is a manufacturer of pharmaceutical standards and services. The company provides Certified Reference Standards (CRS) used in analytical methods, as well as drug delivery systems like tablets, capsules, injectables, and deuterated compounds that aid in research and development, studying drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Pharmaffiliates also offers various services to the pharmaceutical industry, including custom synthesis, analytical research, stability studies, and formulation development.
TCI America (TCI) was founded in 1946 and is a worldwide manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. The company produces organic laboratory chemicals as well as pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and functional materials. TCI’s product segments include Chemistry, Life Science, Materials Science, Analytical Chemistry, and Custom & Bulk. For materials science, the company manufactures battery materials, nanocarbon materials, and magnetic materials. For life sciences, the company produces antibodies, reagents, and chemicals for cancer research. The company produces HLC, NMR, various chemicals, and resins and media for analytical chemistry.
Manus Aktteva Biopharma LLP, established in 2010 and headquartered in Ahmedabad, India, is a manufacturer, supplier, and exporter of pharmaceutical APIs, intermediates, and specialty chemicals. Their wide-ranging products cater to industries such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnology. They offer Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), the fundamental components used in various drug formulations, such as antibiotics, cardiovascular drugs, and anti-inflammatory drugs. The company also supplies specialty chemicals with unique properties applicable to diverse industries, from plastics to cosmetics manufacturing. Furthermore, the company offers custom synthesis services to meet the specific needs of their customers.
Alfa Chemistry, founded in the year 2015 is based in New York, USA as a biotechnology company and manufacturer of graphene materials. Their product portfolio includes graphene oxide, CVD graphene film, graphene modification services, graphene series, graphene-like material, carbon nanomaterials, quantum dots, upcoming nanoparticles, and graphene transfer services. The company also provides services in custom manufacturing, and graphene analysis with quality assurance. The products are used in various industries which include energy, digital electronics, environment, textile, coating, and biomedical science.
Kishida Chemical Co. Ltd., established in 1924 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of reagents and high-purity chemicals and also does drug discovery support activities. Its product portfolio includes fine chemicals, research chemicals, ionic liquid, organic micro-analytical reagents, and chemical reagents for analysis. The products support several industries, including reagent business, battery material, drug discovery, and life science. The company is ISO 14001 certified and supplies several companies worldwide, including Meterion Advanced Chemicals Inc., Acros Organics, ChemBridge Corporation, Decon Laboratories, and InerBioScreen Ltd.
FujiFilm Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, founded in 1922 and headquartered in Osaka, Japan, is a manufacturer of laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents. The company has three business domains, namely laboratory chemicals, specialty chemicals, and clinical diagnostic reagents, and some of its products include biochemistry reagents, blood transfusion test drugs, battery materials, polymer-related materials, and general reagents. The products are useful in various fields, including electronic, cosmetic, polymeric, pharmaceutical, and medical care. It acquired Sibayagi Co. Ltd. in 2015 and provides custom manufacturing to meet customer requirements.
Merck, started in 1668 and based in Darmstadt, Germany, is a supplier of solutions and services for research, development, and manufacture of pharmaceutical and biotechnological drug therapies. The company serves the life science industry and has a broad portfolio of 300,000 products, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing, industrial microbiology, reagent, life science research, and water purification products. It is available in 66 countries, brings together six brands, and has several ISO certifications, including ISO 13485, ISO 14001, ISO 13485, and ISO 50001.
Millipore Sigma, formerly known as Sigma-Aldrich, was created in 175 through the merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical company and today is a subsidiary of Merck. Millipore Sigma is a life science and biotechnology company serving the industry with several products and services. Some of their product categories include peptide synthesis materials, biochemicals, building blocks, catalysts, chemical biology, chemical synthesis, flavors & fragrances, formulation, lab chemicals, lab safety, APIs, and stable isotopes. Services include characterization, contract manufacturing, custom products, software, support, testing, and mRNA development & manufacturing.
KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC. is a renowned chemical manufacturer and supplier. Headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, the company has a history dating back to its establishment in 1944. The company specializes in producing a wide spectrum of chemical products, including laboratory reagents, high-purity solvents, and specialty chemicals. Its products find applications across diverse industries, such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and research. The company offers an array of services, including technical support, custom synthesis, and analytical testing, ensuring its customers have access to tailored solutions for specific chemical needs.
Shanghai Topfine Chemical CO. LTD, founded in 2014 and headquartered in Pudong New District, Shanghai, China is a manufacturer and supplier of industrial fine chemicals. The company's product portfolio comprises of aromatic hydrocarbons, paint & coating additives, pharmaceutical intermediates, and feed supplements. The company can also offer customized products and solutions tailored to customers' specific needs. It has a flexible production process that can accommodate small-scale and large-scale production runs. The products are used as intermediates or building blocks in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, electronics, and personal care.
MainChem Co., Ltd, established in 2014, is a Chinese manufacturer and distributor of fine and specialty chemicals, with its headquarters located in Xiamen, Fujian. The company's product portfolio includes life science chemicals, petrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Some of MainChem’s chemical substances have passed evaluations based on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), a European Union regulation. These chemicals are used in various industries, including cosmetics, food additives, personal care product, and water treatment. MainChem offers the "ONE-STOP" solution for chemical sourcing from China. They also provide custom chemical synthesis services, encompassing the entire process from initial research to commercial-scale production.
Alfa Aesar is based in Lancashire, United Kingdom. Alfa Aesar is part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, is a manufacturer and supplier of chemicals, metals, and life science products for research and development. Alfa Aesar’s product lines include chemicals, life science, materials & metals, catalysts, and analytical & lab ware. Chemical offerings include inorganic compounds, organic compounds, organometallic, and solvents. Life sciences include biotechnology products, cellular & molecular biology, genomics, and immunology. Materials & metal include alloys, carbon, etchants, and more. Catalysts include ferrocenes, fuel cell products, and precious metals & catalysts. Alfa Aesar also offers custom manufacturing options.
Founded in 1981, Central Drug House Ltd. serves the scientific community via manufacturing and marketing a library of over 9,000 products to laboratory fine chemicals and dehydrated culture media with emphasis on purity and service. Examples are acids & bases, adsorbents, disinfectants, indicator papers, oils, and solvents. CDH provides bio chemicals, research chemicals, laboratory reagents, various solvents, stains & indicators, and dehydrated culture media. CDH is ISO 9001 certified and CDHs’ products are in compliance with specifications of IP, BP, USP, and EP standards.
Founded in Mumbai, India in 2006, Otto Chemie Pvt. Ltd. is an ISO 9001:2015 & GMP certified chemical manufacturing company and distributor. Otto Chemie serves customers in many industries including agriculture and food processing, pharmaceuticals, oil & gas, cement, as well as educational and R&D industries. Product offerings include antibiotics, amino acids, vitamins, detergents, ionic liquids, materials science compounds, labware, oil, metal & ceramic science compounds and tools, oils, reagents, solvents.
Hangzhou Keying Chemical Co., Ltd., founded in China, is a supplier of fine chemicals, polymers, food, and feed additives. The company's product portfolio includes a wide range of polymers, including plastics, resins, and specialty materials. These materials find applications in diverse industries, from manufacturing to packaging. It also offers food additives including preservatives, flavors, colorants, and nutritional components and feed additives for the agricultural and livestock sectors, improving the health and productivity of animals.
Ranking as of December 2024
Derivation Method| Rank | Company | Click Share |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | MilliporeSigma |
100.0%
|
Derivation Method
The ranking is calculated based on the click share within the thiole page as of December 2024. Click share is defined as the total number of clicks for all companies during the period divided by the number of clicks for each company.Number of Employees
Newly Established Company
Company with a History
*Including some distributors, etc.
| Country | Number of Companies | Share (%) |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
4 | 28.6% |
|
China
|
4 | 28.6% |
|
India
|
4 | 28.6% |
| United States | 1 | 7.1% |
|
United Kingdom
|
1 | 7.1% |
